Personal care and cosmetic compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are methods of reducing irritation associated with personal care and cosmetic compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said personal care or cosmetic composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.11/705,346, filed Feb. 12, 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/772,471, filed Feb. 10, 2006; U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/772,194, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/772,193, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/772,111, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/772,120, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/772,110, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/772,112, filed Feb. 10, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/846,948, filed Sep. 25, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/853,920, filed Oct.r 24, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/859,264, filed Nov. 15, 2006, U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/872,705, filed Dec. 4, 2006 and U.S.Provisional Application No. 60/880,824, filed Jan. 17, 2007, thedisclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference intheir entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed herein are personal care and cosmetic compositions comprising1,3-propanediol wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said personal care orcosmetic composition has a bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%.In addition, it is preferred that the 1,3-propanediol bebiologically-derived, and wherein upon biodegradation, thebiologically-derived 1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO₂emissions to the atmosphere.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Consumers of personal care products and cosmetics consider many factorsin selecting products for use. Recently certain factors have been afocus of and have driven scientific study and product development. Thesedriving factors include, product safety, environmental impact, theextent to which the components are natural, and the aesthetic quality ofthe overall product. Therefore, manufacturers have to be concerned withthe environmental impact of their products. In fact, the effort towardsenvironmental impact awareness is a universal concern, recognized bygovernment agencies. The Kyoto Protocol amendment to the United NationsFramework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) currently signed by 156nations is one example of a global effort to favor safer environmentalmanufacturing over cost and efficiency. When applied to personal careproducts and cosmetics, consumers are increasingly selective about theorigins of the products they purchase. The 2004 Co-operative Bank'sannual Ethical Consumerism Report (www.co-operativebank.co.uk) discloseda 30.3% increase in consumer spending on ethical retail products (ageneral classification for environmental safe, organic and fair tradegoods) between 2003 and 2004 while total consumer spending during thesame period rose only 3.7%.

Glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol,and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are biodegradable compounds useful incompositions ranging from cosmetics and personal care formulations todetergents to heat transfer compositions. While biodegradability is animportant factor in protecting the environment, biodegradation ofglycols derived from fossil-based sources has the unavoidableconsequence of releasing previously fixed CO2 into the atmosphere. Thus,while glycols in general are advantageous for their biodegradability,the resulting global warming potential of fossil-based glycols duringbiodegradation is significant.

Carbon dioxide is singled out as the largest component of the collectionof greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The level of atmospheric carbondioxide has increased 50% in the last two hundred years. Recent reportsindicate that the current level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is higherthan the peak level in the late Pleistocene, the epoch before modernhumans (Siegenthaler, U. et al. Stable Carbon Cycle—Climate RelationshipDuring the Late Pleistocene, Science, Vol. 310, no. 5752 (Nov. 25,2005), pp. 1313-1317). Therefore, any further addition of carbon dioxideto the atmosphere is thought to further shift the effect of greenhousegases from stabilization of global temperatures to that of heating.Consumers and environmental protection groups alike have identifiedindustrial release of carbon into the atmosphere as the source of carboncausing the greenhouse effect.

Greenhouse gas emission can occur at any point during the lifetime of aproduct. Consumers and environmental groups consider the full lifespanof a product when evaluating a product's environmental impact. Consumerslook for products that do not contribute new carbon to the atmosphereconsidering the environmental impact of production, use and degradation.Only organic products composed of carbon molecules from plant sugars andstarches and ultimately atmospheric carbon are considered to not furthercontribute to the greenhouse effect.

In addition to adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, current methodsof industrial production of glycols produce contaminants and wasteproducts that include among them sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid,hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid tartaric acid, aceticacids, Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transitional metals andheavy metals, including Iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver,molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, chromium, rhodium, palladium, osmium,iridium, rubidium, and platinum (U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,434,110, 5,034,134,5,334,778, and 5,10, 036).

Also of concern to consumers, especially consumers of personal careproducts and cosmetic products, is an individual's reaction to such aproduct. The rate of development of hypersensitivity has markedlyincreased in the US in the last two decades. Many of these reactions areattributed to trace amount of substances. Other reactions are ofidiopathic origin. Consumers seek products that are composed ofingredients of a more purified source and/or of all natural composition.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a personal care or cosmeticcomposition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an acceptable carrier,wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at least1%.

The present invention is also directed to A method of reducingirritation associated with a personal care composition, the methodcomprising the step of preparing a biodegradable personal carecomposition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an acceptable carrier,wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at least1%, a peroxide concentration of less than about 10 ppm, a concentrationof total organic impurities of less than about 400 ppm, and a “b” colorvalue of less than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 275 nm of less thanabout 0.050; wherein the personal care composition reduces irritationcompared to a personal care composition comprising chemicallysynthesized 1,3-propanediol and other glycols. 11. The personal carecomposition can have a pH between about 4 and 9. In particular, thepersonal care can have a pH of about 7.

The present invention is further directed to a personal care or cosmeticcomposition comprising 1,3-propanediol and an active, wherein said1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at least 1%.

The present invention is also directed to a personal care or cosmeticcomposition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein said 1,3-propanediol hasan ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at 250nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about 0.075.

The present invention is additionally directed to a personal care orcosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein said1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic impurities of lessthan about 400 ppm.

The present invention is even further directed to a personal care orcosmetic composition comprising 1,3-propanediol, wherein the1,3-propanediol in said composition has an anthropogenic CO₂ emissionprofile of zero upon biodegradation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph showing CO₂ emissions for CO₂ fixation from theatmosphere during photosynthesis for renewably based 1,3-propanediol(Bio-PDO) (−1.7 kg CO₂/kg product) and CO₂ release to the atmosphereduring biodegradation (kg CO₂/kg product) for ethylene glycol (EG) (+1.4kg CO₂/kg product), propylene glycol (PG) (+1.7 kg CO₂/kg product),fossil-based 1,3-propanediol (Chem-PDO) (+1.7 kg CO₂/kg product), andfermentatively-derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) (+1.7 kg CO₂/kgproduct).

FIG. 2 is a graph showing that the net emissions of CO₂ to theatmosphere for renewably based 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) is zero (0).

FIG. 3 is a table that shows the calculations for the data shown inFIGS. 1 and 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Applicants specifically incorporate the entire content of all citedreferences in this disclosure. Further, when an amount, concentration,or other value or parameter is given as either a range, preferred range,or a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, thisis to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed fromany pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower rangelimit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separatelydisclosed. Where a range of numerical values is recited herein, unlessotherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpointsthereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. It is notintended that the scope of the invention be limited to the specificvalues recited when defining a range.

Compositions disclosed herein comprise 1,3-propanediol, having at least1% bio-based carbon content, as greater as up to 100% of the glycolcomponent of the composition. In one embodiment, the 1,3-propanediolcomprises substantially all of the glycol component of the compositionof the invention. In another embodiment, the 1,3-propanediol comprisesall of the glycol component of the composition.

1,3-Propanediol

The terms “bioPDO”, “biologically-derived, biodegradable1,3-propanediol”, “biologically derived 1,3-propanediol”,“renewably-based 1,3-propanediol”, “renewably-based, biodegradable1,3-propanediol,”“biosourced,and “biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol”and similar terms as used here in refer to 1,3-propanediol derived frommicroorganism metabolism of plant-derived sugars composed of carbon ofatmospheric origin, and not composed of fossil-fuel carbon.

Anthropogenic CO₂ Emission Profile

Applicants' invention relates to personal care and cosmetic compositionscomprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol, in which saidrenewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol has an anthropogenic CO₂emission profile of zero (0). An “anthropogenic emission profile” meansanthropogenic CO2 emissions that are contributed to the atmosphere uponbiodegradation of a compound or composition. p

“Biodegradable” or “Biodegradability” means the capacity of a compoundto be broken down by living organisms to simple, stable compounds suchas carbon dioxide and water.

Whereas photosynthesis is the process of creating growing matter throughthe conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) into plantmaterial through the action of the sun, biodegradation is the process ofconverting organic material back into CO₂ and H₂O through the activityof living organisms.

There are many published test methods for measuring the biodegradabilityof organic chemicals such as glycols. One internationally recognizedmethod is ASTM E1720-01, Standard Test Method for Determining Ready,Ultimate Biodegradability of Organic Chemicals in a Sealed Vessel CO₂Production Test.

Chemicals that demonstrate 60% biodegradation or better in this testmethod will biodegrade in most aerobic environments and are classifiedas ready biodegradable. All of the glycols referred to in this documentmeet this criteria.

Calculations setting forth the finding that the 1,3-propanediol of thepresent invention provides no anthropogenic COs emissions uponbiodegradation is set forth below. A table in support of thesecalculations is provided in FIG. 3.

When one molecule of 1,3-propanediol degrades, three molecules of CO₂are released into the atmosphere. Because all of these molecules of CO₂released during degradation from “fermentatively-derived”1,3-propanediol have an atmospheric origin, the net release of CO₂ tothe atmosphere is thus zero. Comparatively, because a fossilfuel-derived propylene glycol and fossil-derived 1,3-propanediolcontains three carbon atoms which originate from a fixed carbon source(i.e., the fossil fuel), degradation of one molecule of fossilfuel-derived propylene glycol or 1,3-propanediol results in a netrelease of three molecules of CO₂ into the atmosphere. Similarly,because fossil fuel-derived ethylene glycol contains two carbon atoms,which originate from a fixed carbon source, degradation of one moleculeof fossil fuel-derived ethylene glycol results in a net release of twomolecules of CO₂ into the atmosphere.

In order to quantify the CO₂ released for one kilogram of each ethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, chemical 1,3-propanediol and“fermentatively-derived” 1,3 propanediol (Bio-PDO), the product weight(1 kg) is divided by its molecular weight. For each carbon atom presentin the molecule, one molecule of CO₂ is released. The molecules of CO₂are multiplied by the molecular weight of CO₂ (44 kg/kmole) to quantifythe impact of CO₂ release (kg) per one unit (kg) of product.

Fossil-Fuel based Carbon Feedstock Release

1 kg of fossil fuel derived ethylene glycol*(1 kmol EG/62.068 kg)*(2kmol CO₂/1 kmol EG)*(44 kg CO₂/kmol CO₂)=1.4 kg CO₂

1 kg of fossil fuel derived propylene glycol*(1 kmol PG/76.094 kg)*(3kmol CO₂/1 kmol PG)*(44 kg CO₂/kmol CO₂)=1.7 kg CO₂

1 kg of fossil fuel derived 1,3-propanediol*(1 kmol chem-PDO/76.094kg)*(3 kmol CO₂/1 kmol chem-PDO)*(44 kg CO₂ /kmol CO₂)=1.7 kg CO₂

Bio-Based Carbon Feedstock Balance

Capture:

1 kg of Bio-PDO*(1 kmol Bio-PDO/76.094 kg)*(−3 kmol CO₂/1 kmolBio-PDO)*(44 kg CO₂ /kmol CO₂)=−1.7 kg CO₂

Release:

1 kg of Bio-PDO*(1 kmol Bio-PDO/76.094 kg)*(3 kmol CO₂/1 kmolBio-PDO)*(44 kg CO₂/kmol CO₂)=1.7 kg CO₂

Net:

−1.7 kg+1.7 kg=0 kg

This Bio-based Carbon Feedstock Balance result demonstrates that thereare no anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the biodegradation of therenewably sourced Bio-PDO. The term “anthropogenic” means man-made orfossil-derived.

Bio-Based Carbon

“Carbon of atmospheric origin” as used herein refers to carbon atomsfrom carbon dioxide molecules that have recently, in the last fewdecades, been free in the earth's atmosphere. Such carbons in mass areidentifiable by the present of particular radioisotopes as describedherein. “Green carbon”, “atmospheric carbon”, “environmentally friendlycarbon”, “life-cycle carbon”, “non-fossil fuel based carbon”,“non-petroleum based carbon”, “carbon of atmospheric origin”, and“biobased carbon” are used synonymously herein.

“Carbon of fossil origin” as used herein refers to carbon ofpetrochemical origin. Such carbon has not been exposed to UV rays asatmospheric carbon has, therefore masses of carbon of fossil origin hasfew radioisotopes in their population. Carbon of fossil origin isidentifiable by means described herein. “Fossil fuel carbon”, “fossilcarbon”, “polluting carbon”, “petrochemical carbon”, “petro-carbon” andcarbon of fossil origin are used synonymously herein.

The abbreviation “IRMS” refers to measurements of CO2 by high precisionstable isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

The term “carbon substrate” means any carbon source capable of beingmetabolized by a microorganism wherein the substrate contains at leastone carbon atom.

“Renewably-based” denotes that the carbon content of the 1,3-propanediolis from a “new carbon” source as measured by ASTM test method D 6866-05Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials UsingRadiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis, incorporatedherein by reference. This test method measures the C-14/C-12 isotoperatio in a sample and compares it to the C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in astandard 100% biobased material to give percent biobased content of thesample. “Biobased materials” are organic materials in which the carboncomes from recently (on a human time scale) fixated CO₂ present in theatmosphere using sunlight energy (photosynthesis). On land, this CO₂ iscaptured or fixated by plant life (e.g., agricultural crops or forestrymaterials). In the oceans, the CO₂ is captured or fixated byphotosynthesizing bacteria or phytoplankton. A biobased material has aC-14/C-12 isotope ratio in range of from 1:0 to greater than 0:1.Contrarily, a fossil-based material, has a C-14/C-12 isotope ratio of0:1.

A small amount of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is radioactive.This 14C carbon dioxide is created when nitrogen is struck by anultra-violet light produced neutron, causing the nitrogen to lose aproton and form carbon of molecular weight 14 which is immediatelyoxidized in carbon dioxide. This radioactive isotope represents a smallbut measurable fraction of atmospheric carbon. Atmospheric carbondioxide is cycled by green plants to make organic molecules during theprocess known as photosynthesis. The cycle is completed when the greenplants or other forms of life metabolize the organic molecules producingcarbon dioxide which is released back to the atmosphere. Virtually allforms of life on Earth depend on this green plant production of organicmolecule to produce the chemical energy that facilitates growth andreproduction. Therefore, the 14C that exists in the atmosphere becomespart of all life forms, and their biological products. These renewablybased organic molecules that biodegrade to CO2 do not contribute toglobal warming as there is no net increase of carbon emitted to theatmosphere. In contrast, fossil fuel based carbon does not have thesignature radiocarbon ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Atmospheric origin and fixed carbon source as used herein are relativeterms in that the time period of when CO2 is of atmospheric or fixedorigin relates to the life cycle of the 1,3-propanediol. Thus, while itis quite possible that, at one time, carbon from a fossil fuel was foundin the atmosphere (and, as a corollary, that atmospheric CO2 may one daybe incorporated into a fixed carbon source), for purposes herein carbonis considered to be from a fixed carbon source until it is released intothe atmosphere by degradation.

Assessment of the renewably based carbon in a material can be performedthrough standard test methods. Using radiocarbon and isotope ratio massspectrometry analysis, the biobased content of materials can bedetermined. ASTM International, formally known as the American Societyfor Testing and Materials, has established a standard method forassessing the biobased content of materials. The ASTM method isdesignated ASTM-D6866.

The application of ASTM-D6866 to derive a “biobased content” is built onthe same concepts as radiocarbon dating, but without use of the ageequations. The analysis is performed by deriving a ratio of the amountof radiocarbon (14C) in an unknown sample to that of a modem referencestandard. The ratio is reported as a percentage with the units “pMC”(percent modern carbon). If the material being analyzed is a mixture ofpresent day radiocarbon and fossil carbon (containing no radiocarbon),then the pMC value obtained correlates directly to the amount of Biomassmaterial present in the sample.

The modern reference standard used in radiocarbon dating is a NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) standard with a knownradiocarbon content equivalent approximately to the year AD 1950. AD1950 was chosen since it represented a time prior to thermo-nuclearweapons testing which introduced large amounts of excess radiocarboninto the atmosphere with each explosion (termed “bomb carbon”). The AD1950 reference represents 100 pMC.

“Bomb carbon” in the atmosphere reached almost twice normal levels in1963 at the peak of testing and prior to the treaty halting the testing.Its distribution within the atmosphere has been approximated since itsappearance, showing values that are greater than 100 pMC for plants andanimals living since AD 1950. It's gradually decreased over time withtoday's value being near 107.5 pMC. This means that a fresh biomassmaterial such as corn could give a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC.

Combining fossil carbon with present day carbon into a material willresult in a dilution of the present day pMC content. By presuming 107.5pMC represents present day biomass materials and 0 pMC representspetroleum derivatives, the measured pMC value for that material willreflect the proportions of the two component types. A material derived100% from present day soybeans would give a radiocarbon signature near107.5 pMC. If that material was diluted with 50% petroleum derivatives,it would give a radiocarbon signature near 54 pMC.

A biomass content result is derived by assigning 100% equal to 107.5 pMCand 0% equal to 0 pMC. In this regard, a sample measuring 99 pMC willgive an equivalent biobased content result of 93%.

A sample of “fermentatively-derived” 1,3-propanediol was submitted byDuPont to Iowa State University for biobased content analysis using ASTMmethod D 6866-05. The results received from Iowa State Universitydemonstrated that the above sample was 100% bio-based content (ref:Norton,Glenn. Results of Radiocarbon Analyses on samples from DuPontBio-Based Materials—reported 07-08-05).

Assessment of the materials described herein were done in accordancewith ASTM-D6866. The mean values quoted in this report encompasses anabsolute range of 6% (plus and minus 3% on either side of the biobasedcontent value) to account for variations in end-component radiocarbonsignatures. It is presumed that all materials are present day or fossilin origin and that the desired result is the amount of biobasedcomponent “present” in the material, not the amount of biobased material“used” in the manufacturing process.

Results of Radiocarbon Analyses on Samples from DuPont Bio-Based

Materials

Reported 07-08-05

PRODUCT BIOBASED CONTENT (%) 1,3-Propanediol 100

There may be certain instances wherein a personal care or cosmeticcomposition of the invention may comprise a combination of abiologically-derived 1,3-propanediol and one or more nonbiologically-derived glycol components, such as , for example,chemically synthesized 1,3-propanediol. In such occasions, it may bedifficult, if not impossible to determine which percentage of the glycolcomposition is biologically-derived, other than by calculating thebio-based carbon content of the glycol component. In this regard, in thepersonal care and cosmetic compositions of the invention, the glycolcomponent, and in particular, the 1,3-propanediol, can comprise at leastabout 1% bio-based carbon content up to 100% bio-based carbon content,and any percentage therebetween.

Purity

“Substantially purified,” as used by applicants to describe thebiologically-produced 1,3-propanediol produced by the process of theinvention, denotes a composition comprising 1,3-propanediol having atleast one of the following characteristics: 1) an ultraviolet absorptionat 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about 0.075; or 2) a composition havingL*a*b* “b*” color value of less than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 270nm of less than about 0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition of less thanabout 10 ppm; or 4) a concentration of total organic impurities of lessthan about 400 ppm.

A “b*” value is the spectrophotometrically determined “Yellow Bluemeasurement as defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement ASTM D6290.

The abbreviation “AMS” refers to accelerator mass spectrometry.

By the acronym “NMR” is meant nuclear magnetic resonance.

By the terms “color” and “color bodies” is meant the existence ofvisible color that can be quantified using a spectrocolorimeter in therange of visible light, using wavelengths of approximately 400-800 nm,and by comparison with pure water. Reaction conditions can have animportant effect on the nature of color production. Examples of relevantconditions include the temperatures used, the catalyst and amount ofcatalyst. While not wishing to be bound by theory, we believe colorprecursors include trace amounts of impurities comprising olefinicbonds, acetals and other carbonyl compounds, peroxides, etc. At leastsome of these impurities may be detected by such methods as UVspectroscopy, or peroxide titration.

“Color index” refers to an analytic measure of the electromagneticradiation-absorbing properties of a substance or compound.

Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol useful in personal care andcosmetic compositions disclosed herein has at least one of the followingcharacteristics: 1) an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less thanabout 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of lessthan about 0.075; or 2) a composition having L*a*b* “b*” color value ofless than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 270 n m of less than about0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition of less than about 10 ppm; or 4) aconcentration of total organic impurities of less than about 400 ppm. A“b*” value is the spectrophotometrically determined Yellow Bluemeasurement as defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement ASTM D6290.

The level of 1,3-propanediol purity can be characterized in a number ofdifferent ways. For example, measuring the remaining levels ofcontaminating organic impurities is one useful measure.Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a purity level of lessthan about 400 ppm total organic contaminants; preferably less thanabout 300 ppm; and most preferably less than about 150 ppm. The term ppmtotal organic purity refers to parts per million levels ofcarbon-containing compounds (other than 1,3-propanediol) as measured bygas chromatography.

Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can also be characterized using anumber of other parameters, such as ultraviolet light absorbance atvarying wavelengths. The wavelengths 220 nm, 240 nm and 270 nm have beenfound to be useful in determining purity levels of the composition.Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a purity level wherein theUV absorption at 220 nm is less than about 0.200 and at 240 nm is lessthan about 0.075 and at 270 nm is less than about 0.075.

Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a b* color value (CIEL*a*b*) of less than about 0.15.

The purity of biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol compositions can alsobe assessed in a meaningful way by measuring levels of peroxide.Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a concentration ofperoxide of less than about 10 ppm.

It is believed that the aforementioned purity level parameters forbiologically-derived and purified 1,3-propanediol (using methods similaror comparable to those disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No.2005/0069997) distinguishes such compositions from 1,3-propanediolcompositions prepared from chemically purified 1,3-propanediol derivedfrom petroleum sources, as per the prior art.

Fermentation

“Biologically produced” means organic compounds produced by one or morespecies or strains of living organisms, including particularly strainsof bacteria, yeast, fungus and other microbes. “Bio-produced” andbiologically produced are used synonymously herein. Such organiccompounds are composed of carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxideconverted to sugars and starches by green plants.

“Biologically-based” means that the organic compound is synthesized frombiologically produced organic components. It is further contemplatedthat the synthesis process disclosed herein is capable of effectivelysynthesizing other monoesters and diesters from bio-produced alcoholsother than 1,3-propanediol; particularly including ethylene glycol,diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, dipropylenediol, tripropylene diol, 2-methyl 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol andbisphenol A. “Bio-based”, and “bio-sourced”; “biologically derived”; and“bio-derived” are used synonymously herein.

“Fermentation” as used refers to the process of metabolizing simplesugars into other organic compounds. As used herein fermentationspecifically refers to the metabolism of plant derived sugars, suchsugar are composed of carbon of atmospheric origin.

Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can be obtained based upon use ofthe fermentation broth (“fermentatively-derived”) generated by agenetically-engineered Eschericia coli (E. coli) previously disclosedin, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,276. However, other singleorganisms, or combinations of organisms, may be used to biologicallyproduce 1,3-propanediol, using organisms that have beengenetically-engineered according to methods known in the art.“Fermentation” refers to a system that catalyzes a reaction betweensubstrate(s) and other nutrients to product(s) through use of abiocatalyst. The biocatalysts can be a whole organism, an isolatedenzyme, or any combination or component thereof that is enzymaticallyactive. Fermentation systems useful for producing and purifyingbiologically-derived 1,3-propanediol are disclosed in, for example,Published U.S. Patent Application No. 2005/0069997 incorporated hereinby reference.

The biologically derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) for use in thecurrent invention, produced by the process described herein, containscarbon from the atmosphere incorporated by plants, which compose thefeedstock for the production of Bio-PDO. In this way, the Bio-PDO usedin the compositions of the invention contains only renewable carbon, andnot fossil fuel based, or petroleum based carbon. Therefore thecompositions of the invention have less impact on the environment as thepropanediol used in the compositions does not deplete diminishing fossilfuels and, upon degradation releases carbon back to the atmosphere foruse by plants once again. Thus, the present invention can becharacterized as more natural and having less environmental impact thansimilar compositions comprising petroleum based glycols.

Moreover, as the purity of the Bio-PDO utilized in the compositions ofthe invention is higher than chemically synthesized 1,3-propanediol andother glycols, risk of introducing impurities that may cause irritationis reduced by its use over commonly used glycols, such as propyleneglycol.

This 1,3-propanediol of the invention can be isolated from thefermentation broth and is incorporated into personal care and cosmeticcompositions of the invention, by processes as are known to those ofordinary skill in the applicable art.

Renewably-Based, Biodegradable 1,3-propanediol-Containing Compositions

As mentioned above, 1,3-propanediol can be incorporated into numerouscompositions as a glycol component. For example, 1,3-propanediol can bepart of or the sole glycol component of personal care and cosmeticcompositions.

It is contemplated herein that other renewably-based orbiologically-derived glycols, such as ethylene glycol, dietheyleneglycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2 propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol,tripropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and bisphenol A, among others, canbe used in the personal care and cosmetic compositions of the presentinvention.

While in it is a general practice in the art to distinguish betweenpersonal care compositions and cosmetic compositions, indeed it is oftenthe case certain personal care products will often be referred to ascosmetic products, and vice versa. As such, in order to simplify andavoid confusion, it is intended, for purposes of this application, thatthe words “personal care” and “cosmetics”, while used separately attimes, will be considered synonymous and will be used interchangeablythroughout the application to describe the compositions of thisinvention.

In compositions of the invention that are generally referred to in theart as cosmetic compositions (also referred to in the art as endermicliminent compositions), Bio-PDO can serve as a humectant, solvent,neutralizer, preservative, emulsifier, emollient, softening agent,handfeel effector, water activity reducer and/or fragrance enhancer.Similarly, in compositions of the invention that are generally referredto in the art as personal care compositions, the Bio-PDO typicallyserves as a surfactant, humectant, solvent, neutralizer, emulsifier,preservative and/or fragrance enhancer.

Some examples of typical personal care and cosmetic compositionsinclude, but are not limited to, lipstick, lip gloss, lip pencil, eyeshadows, foundation, blush, liquid rouge, facial powder, make-up,concealer, gel eye color, mascara, lip gloss, eye pencil, lip pencil,eye make-up remover, eye liners, eye shadow, lotion eye color, gel eyecolor, nail polish, lipstick nail polish, gel polish removers, liquidrouges, blush, and facial powder, skin care composition, skin cleansingcomposition, skin cleansing bar, skin cleansing liquid, facial lotion,facial cream, cream moisturizer, body wash, body lotion; foot careproducts like foot cream, hand cream; deodorant and antiperspirantsticks, roll-ons, aerosols, gels, creams, pump sprays, powders,odor-masking, odor-neutralizing, odor-quenching, odor-inhibiting;cologne sticks, perfumes, shaving cream, shaving lotion, creamdepilatory, lotion depilatory, wax depilatory, facial mask made withclay materials, anti-aging product, anti-wrinkle product, anti-celluliteproduct, cuticle remover, cuticle cream, acne cream, acne cleansingscrub; oral products like toothpaste, gargle, mouth wash, mouth rinse,film, gum; shampoo, hair care products like conditioner, hair treatmentcream, styling gel, styling foam, hair mousse, hair spray, set lotion,blow-styling lotion, hair color lotion, creams and dyes, hair bleachingcream, hair relaxer, hair straightener, curl activator gel, fragranthair gloss, dressings (styling products & aids); bleach; sun careproducts like sun stick and sun screen, artificial tanning products,skin-whitening products; soaps, hand wash, body scrub, hand scrub,bubble bath, bath oils, instant hand sanitizer, hand sanitizer gels,antibacterial hand cleaner, deodorants, anti-perspirants, baby lotion,diaper rash cream, wet wipe, and baby bath, and vitamin creams, amongothers. This list is not intended to be all-inclusive or otherwiselimiting in any way, and those having skill in the art are very familiarwith all types of personal care and cosmetic products that can functioneffectively with the Bio-PDO glycol component of the invention.

Bio-PDO can be present in the aforementioned personal care and cosmeticscompositions in amounts well known to those of ordinary skill in theappropriate art, typically up to about 12% by weight based on the weightof the total composition, though some compositions, for example, bathpreparations may contain as much as 50% glycol, and some specialtyformulations like vitamin creams can contain even higher percentages ofglycol up to as much as 65%, and deodorants up to as much as 85%.

Preferred Bio-PDO Concentration Ranges

Baby products, such as, for example, baby shampoos, soaps, wipes,lotions, oils, powders, and creams, wherein preferred Bio-PDOconcentration ranges are from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight, andmore preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight, and even morepreferably 1 to 5%.

Bath preparations such as, for example, bath oils, tablets, and salts;bubble baths and bath capsules, wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentrationranges are from about 0.001% to about 50%, and more preferably fromabout 0.1% to about 10%, and even more preferably from about 1% to about5%.

Eye makeup preparations such as, for example, eyebrow pencil; eyeliner;eye shadow; eye lotion; eye makeup remover; and mascara, whereinpreferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about75%, more preferably 0.01% to about 25%, and even more preferably, 0.05%to about 5%.

Fragrance preparations such as, for example, colognes and toilet waters;perfumes; powders (dusting and talcum) (excluding aftershave talc); andsachets, wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about0.001% to about 99%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 10%, andeven more preferably from about 0.05% to about 5%.

Hair preparations (noncoloring) such as, for example, hair conditioners;hair sprays (aerosol fixatives); hair straighteners; permanent waves;rinses (noncoloring); shampoos (noncoloring); tonics, dressings, andother hair grooming aids; and wave sets, wherein preferred Bio-PDOconcentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 90%, more preferablyfrom about 0.01% to about 50%, and even more preferably from about 0.05%to about 10%.

Hair coloring preparations such as, for example, hair dyes and colors(requiring caution statement & patch test); hair tints; hair rinses(coloring); hair shampoos (coloring); hair color sprays (aerosol); hairlighteners with color; and hair bleaches, wherein preferred Bio-PDOconcentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 50%, more preferablyfrom about 0.1% to about 25%, and even more preferably, from about 1% toabout 10%.

Makeup preparations (not eye) such as, for example, blushers (alltypes); face powders; foundations; leg and body paints; lipstick; makeupbases; rouges; and makeup fixatives, wherein preferred Bio-PDOconcentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 99%, more preferablyfrom about 0.01% to about 25%, and even more preferably from about 0.05%to about 10%.

Manicuring preparations such as, for example, basecoats and undercoats;cuticle softeners; nail creams and lotions; nail extenders; nail polishand enamel; and Nail polish and enamel removers, wherein preferredBio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about 50%, morepreferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, and even more preferably fromabout 1% to about 5%.

Oral hygiene products such as, for example, dentifrices (aerosol,liquid, pastes, and powders); and mouthwashes and breath fresheners(liquids and sprays), wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges arefrom about 0.001% to about 80%, and more preferably from about 1% toabout 5%.

Personal cleanliness products, such as, for example, bath soaps anddetergents; deodorants (underarm); antiperspirants; douches; andfeminine hygiene deodorants, wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentrationranges are from about 0.001% to about 99%, more preferably from about0.01% to about 50%, and even more preferably from about 0.05% to about10%.

Shaving preparations such as, for example, shaving lotions, aftershavelotions; beard softeners; men's talcum; preshave lotions (all types);shaving cream (aerosol, brushless, and lather); and shaving soap (cakes,sticks, etc.), wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are fromabout 0.001% to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about10%, and even more preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%.

Skin care preparations (creams, lotions, powder, and sprays), such as,for example, cleansing (cold creams, cleansing lotions, liquids, andpads); depilatories; face and neck (excluding shaving preparations);body and hand (excluding shaving preparations); foot powders and sprays;hormone products; moisturizing; night; paste masks (mud packs); skinlighteners; skin fresheners; and wrinkle-smoothing products (removers),wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% toabout 50%, more preferably from about 0.01% to about 15%, and even morepreferably from about 0.05% to about 5%.

Suntan preparations such as, for example, suntan gels, creams, liquids,powders, sticks and sprays; and indoor tanning preparations; whereinpreferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% to about25%, and more preferably from about 1% to about 10%.

Preservatives (antiseptic/antifungal/antimicrobial agents), such as, forexample, parabens; salicylic acid; sorbic acid; and phenoxy elthanol,wherein preferred Bio-PDO concentration ranges are from about 0.001% toabout 100%, and more preferably from about 95% to about 99.99%.

Typical Broad Formulations for Certain End Use Applications

Set forth in this section are general, broad range formulations for ahandful of personal care and cosmetic end use applications intended toprovide the reader with a general idea of the variety of applicationsand uses for Bio-PDO in personal care and cosmetic products. Thissection is by no means intended to be limiting in any way, and thosehaving skill in the art can readily determine appropriate uses ofBio-PDO as a glycol component in all other known personal care andcosmetic products.

Skin Products

Some examples of vehicles for skin product formulations includeoil-in-water emulsion (0/W), water-in-oil emulsion (W/O),water-in-silicon (W/Si), Oleaginous emulsion, water-soluble emulsion,aqueous gel emulsion and absorption bases emulsion.

A typical 0/W skin product formulation may include 5%-35% surfactant,2%-15% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO and 5%-60% water.

A typical W/0 skin product formulation may include 45%-80% surfactant,0.5%-5% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO and 20%-50% water.

A typical 0/W/0 & W/O/W skin product formulation may include 18%-23%surfactant , 3%-8% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO and 60%-70% water.

A typical W/Si & 0/Si skin product formulation may include 5-35%surfactant, 2%-3% emulsifier, 0.5%-15% Bio-PDO; and 60%-80% water.

Hair Products

Some examples of vehicles for hair product formulations includeoil-in-water emulsion (0/W), water-in-oil emulsion (W/O),Water-in-silicon (W/Si), oleaginous, water-soluble, aqueous gel, andabsorption bases, among others.

A typical shampoo & conditioner may include 0.1-40% surfactant; 0.1-10%Bio-PDO, and 35-55% water.

A typical liquid & cream color dye may include 70-80% dye base, 5-25%Bio-PDO, 0.1-5% dye intermediates, and 0.1-10% developer

A typical relaxer or straightener formulation may include 30-60%oil/wax, 10-60% water, 1-10% Bio-PDO, and 0.1-5.0% caustic.

A typical dressing formulation may include 0.01-7% filmformer/plasticizer, 0.01-90% Bio-PDO, 0-30% propellant and 10-90% water.

Oral Products

Some examples of vehicles for oral product formulations include solidforms, such as paste, gel, cream, and ointment; and liquid forms such aswashes, rinses, gargles, and sprays.

A typical tooth paste/gel/cream/ointment formulation may include1-60/15-55/30-50% abrasive, 1-80/1-50/1-30% Bio-PDO;0.01-30/0.1-15/0.5-5% thickener, 0.01-10/0.1-7.5/0.5-5% surfactant, and0.0001-2/0.001-1/0.01-0.5% antiseptic.

A typical mouth wash/rinse/gargle/spray may include 0.1-55/0.5-40/1-25%Bio-PDO, 0.1-55/0.5-40/1-25% alcohol, 0.01-10/0.1-7.5/0.5-5% thickener,0.001-2/0.01-1/0.1-0.5% surfactant, and 0.0001-5/0.001-2.5/0.01-1%antiseptic.

Color Cosmetics

Some examples of vehicles for color cosmetic formulations include, forfoundation: O/W & W/O emulsions, anhydrous powders & sticks, and oil &aqueous suspensions; for mascara: O/W & W/O emulsions and anhydroussolvent; for eyeliner: aqueous and anhydrous; for eye shadow: creams andpowders; for blushers: powders; and for lip Color: gloss & matte(classical) and solvent (Volatile).

A typical formulation for an O/W foundation product may include 2%-15%emulsifier, 50%-75% Bio-PDO, 6%-12% pigment and 8%-12% pearlizer

A typical formulation for a W/O foundation product may include 4%-6%emulsifier, 50%-75% Bio-PDO, 6%-12% pigment and 8%-12% pearlizer.

A typical formulation for an anhydrous foundation product may include30-60% Bio-PDO, 5-10% wax, 0.5-1.0% wetting agents, and 30-60%texturizing agent.

A typical formulation for a O/W, W/O mascara product may include 4%-10%emulsifier, 2%-5% thickener, 40%-60% Bio-PDO and 6%-12% pigment.

A typical formulation for a solvent-based mascara product may include40-60% Bio-PDO 10-20% wax, 3-10% resin, 3-7% thickener, 5-15% colorant,and 2-10% filler.

A typical formulation for an eye shadow product may include 35-55%Bio-PDO, 1.5-3.5% thickener, 7-12% wax, 3-8% emollient, 5-20% colorant,and 5-20% filler.

A typical formulation for an eye liner product may include 50-70% water,0.5-1.5% thickener, 4-12% Bio-PDO, 10-20% colorant, 5-10% alcohol, and3-8% dispersant.

A typical formulation for a classical lipstick product may include40-70% Bio-PDO, 8-15% wax, 2-5% plasticizer, 0.5-8% colorant, 1-6%pearlizer, 1-15% filler and 0.1-0.5% preservative.

A typical formulation for a volatile lipstick product may include 25-60%solvent, 1-85% Bio-PDO, 10-25% wax, 1-10% fixative, 1-15% filler and1-15% colorant.

Deodorants

Some examples of vehicles for deodorant formulations include sticks,aerosols and pump sprays, among others well known in the art.

A typical formulation for a stick deodorant may include 5-9% emulsifier,1-30% Bio-PDO , 5-80% clarifying agent, and 0.1-2% deodorizer.

A typical formulation for an aerosol deodorant may include 0.1-2%emulsifier, 30-50% Bio-PDO, 5-80% clarifying agent, 0.1-2% deodorizer,and 40-60% propellant

A typical formulation for a hydroalcoholic pump spray deodorant mayinclude 30-40% solvent, 50-70% Bio-PDO, 0.1-5% solubilizer, and 0.1-5%deodorizer.

A typical formulation for a Phase Inversion Temperature Emulsion (PIT)emulsion pump spray deodorant may include 0.1-10% surfactant, 0.1-15%oil, 65-85% Bio-PDO, and 0.1-5% deodorizer.

Antiperspirants

Some examples of vehicles for antiperspirant formulations include sticks(suspension, gel, and emulsion), roll-ons (Emulsion O/W, W/O, W/Si,Clear Hydroalcoholic and suspension), and aerosols, among others wellknown in the art.

A typical stick antiperspirant formulation may include 1-30% gel agent,15-55% Bio-PDO, 1-20% emollient, 0-20% surfactant, and 15-55%antiperspirant.

A typical roll-on antiperspirant formulation may include 0-5%surfactant, 0.5-15% gel agent, 0-5% emollient, 15-25% antiperspirant and60-85% Bio-PDO.

A typical aerosol antiperspirant formulation may include 0.1-2% gelagent, 5-15% antiperspirant, 5-20% Bio-PDO, and 70-80% propellant.

Ingredient Listings:

Cosmetic and personal care compositions of the invention preferablycontain Bio-PDO and one or more conventional cosmetic or dermatologicaladditives or adjuvants including, but not limited to, carriers; actives;fillers; surfactants; thixotropic agents; antioxidants; preservingagents; dyes; pigments; fragrances; thickeners; vitamins; hormones;moisturizers; UV absorbing sunscreens; UV scattering inorganicsunscreens; wetting agents; cationic, anionic, nonionic, or amphotericpolymers; and hair coloring active substances.

Conventional optional ingredients are well known to those skilled in theart. These include, but are not limited to, emollients, oil absorbents,antimicrobial agents, binders, buffering agents, denaturants, cosmeticastringents, external analgesics, film formers, humectants, opacifyingagents, perfumes, pigments, skin soothing and healing agents,preservatives, propellants, skin penetration enhancers, solvents,suspending agents, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, thickening agents,solubilizing agents, waxes, inorganic and organic sunblocks, sunlesstanning agents, antioxidants and/or radical scavengers, chelatingagents, anti-acne agents, anti-inflammatory agents, desquamationagents/exfoliants, organic hydroxy acids, vitamins, natural extracts andinorganic particulates such as silica and boron nitride. Nonexclusiveexamples of such materials are described in Harry's Cosmeticology, 7thEd., Harry & Wilkinson (Hill Publishers, London 1982); in PharmaceuticalDosage Forms—Disperse Systems; Lieberman, Rieger & Banker, Vols. 1(1988) & 2 (1989); Marcel Decker, Inc.; in The Chemistry and Manufactureof Cosmetics, 2nd. Ed., deNavarre (Van Nostrand 1962-1965); and in TheHandbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology, 1st Ed. Knowlton & Pearce(Elsevier 1993) can also be used in the present invention.

However, it is to be understood that the active and other ingredientsuseful herein can in some instances provide more than one cosmeticand/or therapeutic benefit or operate via more than one mode of action.Such components are particularly preferred additional ingredients, theiruse often saving both money and formulation space. Examples of suchcomponents include ethanol, isopropyl myristate, and the many componentsthat can act as both structurants and sensory modifiers, for examplesilica. Therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake ofconvenience and are not intended to limit an ingredient to theparticularly stated application or applications listed.

The adjuvants are well known in the field of cosmetics and are describedin many publications, for example see Harry's Cosmeticology, 8^(th)Edition, Martin Rieger, ed. Chemical Publishing, New York (2000).Amounts of adjuvants generally present in the aforementioned cosmeticand personal care compositions are well known in the art (see, e.g.,co-owned, co-filed U.S. Patent Application entitled “Personal CareCompositions”, Attorney Docket No. CL3428 US PRV

Carriers

The compositions of the present invention preferably comprise a safe andeffective amount of an acceptable carrier, suitable for topicalapplication to the skin within which the essential materials andoptional other materials are incorporated to enable the essentialmaterials and optional components to be delivered to the skin at anappropriate concentration. The carrier can thus act as a diluent,dispersant, solvent, or the like for any active ingredients whichensures that they can be applied to, and distributed evenly over, theselected target at an appropriate concentration.

The type of carrier utilized in the present invention depends on thetypes of product form desired for the composition. The topicalcompositions useful in the subject invention may be made into a widevariety of product forms such as are known in the art. These include butare not limited to lotions, creams, gels, sticks, sprays, ointments,pastes and mousses. These product forms may comprise several types ofcarriers including, but not limited to, solutions, aerosols, emulsions,gels, solids and liposomes.

It is preferred that the carrier(s) of the invention contain adermatologically acceptable, hydrophilic diluent, such as, preferably,renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol.

Actives Actives for Regulating Skin Condition

The compositions of the invention optionally comprise a safe andeffective amount of an active for regulating skin condition includingprophylactically and therapeutically regulating the skin condition.Prophylactically regulating skin condition includes delaying,minimizing, and/or preventing visible and/or tactile discontinuities inthe skin. Therapeutically regulating the skin condiments includesameliorating e.g., diminishing, minimising, and/or effacing suchdiscontinuities. Regulating the skin condition also involves improvingthe skin appearance and/or feel. Also included is regulating the signsof ageing which can involve prophylactically regulating and/ortherapeutically regulating one or more of such signs e.g., fine lines,wrinkles, pores etc.

Ingredients that are known to be useful for regulating the skincondition are selected from Vitamin B3 compounds, retinoids, andcombinations thereof. As described for the humectants, theaforementioned compounds may, when used by themselves, give rise to ahigh level of tack, especially when used at the higher levels. It hasbeen found, however, that this tacky feel can be offset by using theparticulates of the present invention. The compositions of the presentinvention preferably comprise from about 0.1% to about 15%, morepreferably from about 0.3% to about 10%, even more preferably from about1 to about 5% of the active.

As used herein, “vitamin B3 compound” means a compound having theformula: 1

wherein R is —CONH₂ (i.e., niacinamide), —COOH (i.e., nicotinic acid) or—CH₂OH (i.e., nicotinyl alcohol); derivatives thereof; and salts of anyof the foregoing. One or more vitamin B₃ compounds, or their salts, ormixtures thereof may be used herein. In a preferred embodiment, thevitamin B₃ compound typically contains less than about 50% of thecompound in a salt form. As used herein, “retinoid” includes all naturaland/or synthetic analogues of Vitamin A or retinol-like compounds whichpossess the biological activity of Vitamin A in the skin as well as thegeometric isomers and stereoisomers of these compounds. Again, all skinregulating materials discussed in application WO 00/24372 should beconsidered as suitable for use in the present invention.

Anti-Bacterial Actives

Any antibacterial active acceptable for underarm application can be usedin the deodorant compositions. Antibacterial ingredients, bynon-limiting example, include those selected from the group consistingof triclosan, bacteriostatic quaternary ammonium compounds such asbenzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetyl pyridium chloride,lauryl pyridium chloride and methyl benzethonium chloride; triclocarbon;zinc phenol sulfonate; zinc ricinoleate; triethyl citrate; essentialoils; and combinations thereof and the like. The most preferreddeodorant active is triclosan. The fragrance may also have antibacterialproperties.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

A safe and effective amount of an anti-inflammatory agent may be addedto the compositions of the subject invention, preferably from about 0.1%to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 2%, of thecomposition. The anti-inflammatory agent enhances the skin appearancebenefits of the present invention, e.g., such agents contribute to amore uniform and acceptable skin tone or colour. The exact amount ofanti-inflammatory agent to be used in the compositions will depend onthe particular anti-inflammatory agent utilised since such agents varywidely in potency. Anti-inflammatory agents useful herein includesteroids such as hydrocortisone; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen; panthenol and ether and ester derivativesthereof e.g. panthenol ethyl ether, panthenyl triacetate; pantothenicacid and salt and ester derivatives thereof, especially calciumpantothenate; aloe vera, bisabolol, allantoin and compounds of theliquorice (the plant genus/species Glycyrrhiza glabra) family, includingglycyrrhetic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, and derivatives thereof e.g. saltssuch as ammonium glycyrrhizinate and esters such as stearylglycyrrhetinate. Particularly preferred herein are panthenol,pantothenic acid and their ether, ester or salt derivatives and mixturesthereof; suitable levels are from about 0.1 to about 5%, preferably fromabout 0.5 to about 3%. Panthenol is especially preferred.

Antimicrobial Agents

Conventional organic anti-microbial agents may also be advantageouslyemployed in the methods and products of the present invention. Levels ofincorporation are preferably from 0.01% to 3%, more preferably from0.03% to 0.5% by weight of the composition in which they are present,excluding any volatile propellant also present. Most of the classes ofagents commonly used in the art can be utilised. Preferred additionalorganic anti-microbials are bactericides, for example quaternaryammonium compounds, like cetyltrimethylammonium salts; chlorhexidine andsalts thereof; and diglycerol monocaprate, diglycerol monolaurate,glycerol monolaurate, and similar materials, as described in “DeodorantIngredients”, S. A. Makin and M. R. Lowry, in “Antiperspirants andDeodorants”, Ed. K. Laden (1999, Marcel Dekker, New York). Morepreferred additional anti-microbials for use in the compositions of theinvention are polyhexamethylene biguanide salts;2,4,4′-trichloro,2′-hydroxy-diphen-yl ether (triclosan); and3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienol (farnesol).

Inorganic anti-microbial agents may also be used in the compositions ofthe invention. Such materials can often function as anti-perspirantactives when present at a suitable concentration. Examples are oftenselected from astringent active salts, including, in particular,aluminium, zirconium and mixed aluminium/zirconium salts, including bothinorganic salts, salts with organic anions and complexes. Preferredastringent salts include aluminium, zirconium and aluminium/zirconiumhalides and halohydrate salts, such as chlorohydrates. When included,preferred levels of incorporation are from 0.5% to 60%, particularlyfrom 5% to 30% or 40% and especially from 5% or 10% to 30% or 35% byweight of a composition. Especially preferred aluminium halohydratesalts, known as activated aluminium chlorohydrates, are described in EP6,739 (Unilever PLC and NV). Zirconium aluminium chlorohydrate activesare also preferred materials, as are the so-called ZAG(zirconium-aluminium-glycine) complexes, for example those disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 3,792,068 (Procter and Gamble Co.). Zinc phenol sulphonatemay also be used, preferably at up to 3% by weight of the composition.

Anti-Oxidants/Radical Scavengers

Compositions of the subject invention can further include ananti-oxidant/radical scavenger. The anti-oxidant/radical scavenger isespecially useful for providing protection against UV radiation whichcan cause increased scaling or texture changes in the stratum corneumand against other environmental agents which can cause skin damage.Suitable amounts are from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably fromabout 1% to about 5%, of the composition.

Anti-oxidants/radical scavengers such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) andits salts, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, ascorbic acid derivatives(e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate), .beta.-carotene, tocopherol(vitamin E), tocopherol sorbate, tocopherol acetate, other esters oftocopherol, butylated hydroxy benzoic acids and their salts, gallic acidand its alkyl esters, especially propyl gallate, uric acid and its saltsand alkyl esters, sorbic acid and its salts, amines (e.g.,N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino-guanidine), sulfhydryl compounds (e.g.,glutathione), dihydroxy fumaric acid and its salts, bioflavonoids,lysine, methionine, proline, superoxide dismutase, silymarin, teaextracts, grape skin/seed extracts, melanin, and rosemary extracts maybe used. Preferred anti-oxidants/radical scavengers are selected fromtocopherol acetate, tocopherol sorbate and other esters of tocopherol,more preferably tocopherol acetate. As described for the humectants, theaforementioned compounds may, when used by themselves, give rise to ahigh level of tack, especially when used at the higher levels. It hasbeen found, however, that this tacky feel can be offset by using theparticulates of the present invention.

Chelators

The inclusion of a chelating agent is especially useful for providingprotection against UV radiation which can contribute to excessivescaling or skin texture changes and against other environmental agentswhich can cause skin damage. A suitable amount is from about 0.01% toabout 1%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.5%, of thecomposition. Exemplary chelators that are useful herein are disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 5,487,884, incorporated herein by reference. Preferredchelators useful in compositions of the subject invention areethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), furildioxime, and derivativesthereof.

Colorants and Preservatives

Further additional components that may also be included are colorantsand preservatives, for example C1-C3 alkyl parabens.

Desquamation Agents/Exfoliants

A safe and effective amount of a desquamation agent may be added to thecompositions of the subject invention, more preferably from about 0.1%to about 10%, even more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, alsopreferably from about 0.5% to about 4% of the composition. Desquamationagents enhance the skin appearance benefits of the present invention.For example, the desquamation agents tend to improve the texture of theskin (e.g., smoothness). A variety of desquamation agents are known inthe art and are suitable for use herein, including organic hydroxy acidssuch as salicylic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, 5-octanoyl salicylicacid, hydroxyoctanoic acid, hydroxycaprylic acid, and lanolin fattyacids. One desquamation system that is suitable for use herein comprisessulphydryl compounds and zwitterionic surfactants and is described in WO96/01101, incorporated herein by reference. Another desquamation systemthat is suitable for use herein comprises salicylic acid andzwitterionic surfactants and is described in WO 95/13048, incorporatedherein by reference. Salicylic acid is preferred.

Emollients

Emollients are a known class of materials in this art, imparting asoothing effect to the skin. These are ingredients which help tomaintain the soft, smooth, and pliable appearance of the skin.Emollients are also known to reduce whitening on the skin and/or improveaesthetics. Examples of chemical classes from which suitable emollientscan be found include:

(a) fats and oils which are the glyceryl esters of fatty acids, ortriglycerides, normally found in animal and plant tissues, includingthose which have been hydrogenated to reduce or eliminate unsaturation.Also included are synthetically prepared esters of glycerin and fattyacids. Isolated and purified fatty acids can be esterified with glycerinto yield mono-, di-, and triglycerides. These are relatively pure fatswhich differ only slightly from the fats and oils found in nature. Thegeneral structure may be represented by Formula III:

wherein each of R₁, R₂, and R₃ may be the same or different and have acarbon chain length (saturated or unsaturated) of 7 to 30. Specificexamples include peanut oil, sesame oil, avocado oil, coconut, cocoabutter, almond oil, safflower oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, castoroil, hydrogenated castor oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, cod liver oil, palmoil, soybean oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, and sunflower seed oil;

(b) hydrocarbons which are a group of compounds containing only carbonand hydrogen. These are derived from petrochemicals. Their structurescan vary widely and include aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic compounds.Specific examples include paraffin, petrolatum, hydrogenatedpolyisobutene, and mineral oil.

(c) esters which chemically, are the covalent compounds formed betweenacids and alcohols. Esters can be formed from organic carboxylic acidsand any alcohol. Esters here are derived from monocarboxylic acids andalcohols (mono alcohols or polyols as glycols). The general structurewould be R₄COOR₅. The chain length for R₄ and R₅ can vary from 7 to 30and can be saturated or unsaturated, straight chained or branched.Specific examples include isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,isopropyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, butyl stearate, octylstearate, hexyl laurate, cetyl stearate, diisopropyl adipate, isodecyloleate, diisopropyl sebacate, isostearyl lactate, C₁₂-₁₅ alkylbenzoates, myreth-3 myristate, dioctyl malate, neopentyl-glycoldiheptanoate, neopentyl glycol dioctanoate, dipropylene glycoldibenzoate, C₁₂₋₁₅ alcohols lactate, isohexyl decanoate, isohexylcaprate, diethylene glycol dioctanoate, octyl isononanoate, isodecyloctanoate, diethylene glycol diisononanoate, isononyl isononanoate,isostearyl isostearate, behenyl behenate, C₁₂₋₁₅ alkyl fumarate,laureth-2 benzoate, propylene glycol isoceteth-3 acetate, propyleneglycol ceteth-3 acetate, octyldodecyl myristate, cetyl ricinoleate,myristyl-myristate.

Esters, made using compounds such as Bio-PDO or other biologicallyderived glycols, can also be used in these compositions. The estersproduced include all the appropriate conjugate mono and diesters ofbiologically derived 1,3 propanediol using organic carboxylic acids.Some esters in particular that are produced include propanedioldistearate and monostearate, propandiol dilaurate and monolaurate,propanediol dioleate and monooleate, propanediol divalerate andmonovalerate, propanediol dicaprylate and monocaprylate, propanedioldimyristate and monomyristate, propanediol dipalmitate andmonopalmitate, propanediol dibehenate and monobehenate, propanedioladipate, propanediol maleate, propanediol dioxalate, propanedioldibenzoate, propanediol diacetate, and all mixtures thereof.

(d) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids which are the carboxylic acidsobtained by hydrolysis of animal or vegetable fats and oils. These havegeneral structure R₆COOH with the R₆ group having a carbon chain lengthbetween 7 and 30, straight chain or branched. Specific examples includelauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and behenic acid.

(e) saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols (including guerbetalcohols) with general structure R₇OH where R₇ can be straight orbranched and have carbon length of 7 to 30. Specific examples includelauryl, myristyl, cetyl, isocetyl, stearyl, isostearyl, oleyl,ricinoleyl and erucyl alcohol;

(f) lanolin and its derivatives which are a complex esterified mixtureof high molecular weight esters of (hydroxylated) fatty acids withaliphatic and alicyclic alcohols and sterols. General structures wouldinclude R₈CH₂—(OCH₂CH₂)_(nOH) where R⁸ represents the fatty groupsderived from lanolin and n=5 to 75 or R9CO —(OCH₂CH₂)_(n)OH where R₉CO—represents the fatty acids derived from lanolin and n=5 to 100. Specificexamples include lanolin, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, lanolin alcohols,lanolin fatty acids, isopropyl lanolate, ethoxylated lanolin andacetylated lanolin alcohols.

(g) alkoxylated alcohols wherein the alcohol portion is selected fromaliphatic alcohols having 2-18 and more particularly 4-18 carbons, andthe alkylene portion is selected from the group consisting of ethyleneoxide, and propylene oxide having a number of alkylene oxide units from2-53 and, more particularly, from 2-15. Specific examples include PPG-14butyl ether and PPG-53 butyl ether.

(h) silicones and silanes the linear organo-substituted polysiloxaneswhich are polymers of silicon/oxygen with general structure:

(1) (R₁₀)₃SiO(Si(R₁₁)₂₀)_(x)Si(R₁₂)₋₃ where R₁₀, R₁₁ and R₁₂ can be thesame or different and are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of phenyl and C1-C60 alkyl;

(2) HO(R₁₄)₂SiO(Si(R₁₅)_(2O))_(x)Si(R₁₆)₂OH, where R₁₄, R₁₅ and R₁₆ canbe the same or different and are each independently selected from thegroup consisting of phenyl and C1-C60 alkyl; or

(3) organo substituted silicon compounds of formula R₁₇Si(R₁₈)₂OSiR₁₉₃which are not polymeric where R₁₇, R₁₈ and R₁₉ can be the same ordifferent and are each independently selected from the group consistingof phenyl and C1-C60 alkyl optionally with one or both of the terminal Rgroups also containing an hydroxyl group. Specific examples includedimethicone, dimethiconol behenate, C30-45 alkyl methicone,stearoxytrimethylsilane, phenyl trimethicone and stearyl dimethicone.

(i) mixtures and blends of two or more of the foregoing.

Emollients of special interest include C12-15 alkyl benzoate (FINSOLV TNfrom Finetex Inc., Elmwood Park, N.J.), isopropyl myristate; andneopentyl glycol diheptanoate.

The emollient or emollient mixture or blend thereof incorporated incompositions according to the present invention can, illustratively, beincluded in amounts of 0.1-20%, preferably 1-15%, more preferably 1-10%,by weight, of the total weight of the composition.

Emulsifiers/Surfactants

Compositions herein preferably contain an emulsifier and/or surfactant,generally to help disperse and suspend the discontinuous phase withinthe continuous aqueous phase. A surfactant may also be useful if theproduct is intended for skin cleansing. For convenience hereinafteremulsifiers will be referred to under the term ‘surfactants’, thus‘surfactant(s)’ will be used to refer to surface active agents whetherused as emulsifiers or for other surfactant purposes such as skincleansing. Known or conventional surfactants can be used in thecomposition, provided that the selected agent is chemically andphysically compatible with essential components of the composition, andprovides the desired characteristics. Suitable surfactants includenon-silicone derived materials, and mixtures thereof. All surfactantsdiscussed in application WO 00/24372 should be considered as suitablefor use in the present invention.

The compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from about0.05% to about 15% of a surfactant or mixture of surfactants. The exactsurfactant or surfactant mixture chosen will depend upon the pH of thecomposition and the other components present.

Preferred surfactants are nonionic. Among the nonionic surfactants thatare useful herein are those that can be broadly defined as condensationproducts of long chain alcohols, e.g. C8-30 alcohols, with sugar orstarch polymers i.e., glycosides. Other useful nonionic surfactantsinclude the condensation products of alkylene oxides with fatty acids(i.e. alkylene oxide esters of fatty acids). These materials have thegeneral formula RCO(X)nOH wherein R is a C10-30 alkyl group, X is—OCH2CH2— (i.e. derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or —OCH2CHCH3—(i.e. derived from propylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer fromabout 6 to about 200. Other nonionic surfactants are the condensationproducts of alkylene oxides with 2 moles of fatty acids (i.e. alkyleneoxide diesters of fatty acids). These materials have the general formulaRCO(X)nOOCR wherein R is a C10-30 alkyl group, X is —OCH2CH2— (i.e.derived from ethylene glycol or oxide) or —OCH2CHCH3— (i.e. derived frompropylene glycol or oxide), and n is an integer from about 6 to about100. Even further suitable examples include a mixture of cetearylalcohols, cetearyl glucosides such as those available under the tradename Montanov 68 from Seppic and Emulgade PL68/50 from Cognis UK Ltd. Anexample of a suitable cetearyl glucoside material without added fattyalcohols is Tego (RTM) Care CG90 commercially available from GoldschmidtGmbH. Other nonionic surfactants are fatty alkanolamides with thegeneral formula R—CO—N—(CH2CH2OH)n where R is a hydrocarbon chain and nis the integer 1 or 2. The most commonly used are cocoamide DEA(diethanolamide) and cocoamide MEA (monoethanolamide).

The hydrophilic surfactants useful herein can alternatively oradditionally include any of a wide variety of cationic, anionic,zwitterionic, and amphoteric surfactants such as are known in the art.See, e.g., McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North AmericanEdition (1986), published by Allured Publishing Corporation; U.S. Pat.No. 5,011,681 to Ciotti et al., issued Apr. 30, 1991; U.S. Pat. No.4,421,769 to Dixon et al., issued Dec. 20, 1983; and U.S. Pat. No.3,755,560 to Dickert et al., issued Aug. 28, 1973. A wide variety ofanionic surfactants are also useful herein. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued Dec. 30, 1975.

A wide variety of anionic surfactants are also useful herein. See, e.g.,U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et al., issued Dec. 30, 1975.Exemplary anionic surfactants include the alkoyl isethionates (e.g.,C.12-C30), alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates and salts thereof, alkyl andalkyl ether phosphates and salts thereof, alkyl methyl taurates (e.g.,C12-C30), and soaps (e.g., alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassiumsalts) of fatty acids.

Amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are also useful herein. Examplesof amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants which can be used in thecompositions of the present invention are those which are broadlydescribed as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines inwhich the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain andwherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about22 carbon atoms (preferably C8-C18) and one contains an anionic watersolubilising group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, orphosphonate. Examples are alkyl imino acetates, and iminodialkanoatesand aminoalkanoates, imidazolinium and ammonium derivatives. Othersuitable amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants are those selected fromthe group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, andbranched and unbranched alkanoyl sarcosinates, and mixtures thereof.

Fragrance

Fragrance is also a desirable additional component in the compositionsof the invention. Suitable materials include conventional perfumes, suchas perfume oils and also include so-called deo-perfumes, as described inEP 545,556 and other publications. These latter materials may alsoqualify as additional organic anti-microbial agents. Levels ofincorporation are preferably up to 4% by weight, particularly from 0.1%to 2% by weight, and especially from 0.7% to 1.7% by weight of acomposition. Synergies can exist between the essential components of theinvention and certain fragrance components--long-lasting odor controlbeing the result.

The fragrance may be selected from the group consisting of anycosmetically acceptable fragrance or fragrances acceptable for topicalapplication. The fragrance should be suitable for masking malodor, suchas malodor associated with human sweat. By way of non-limiting examples,these fragrances include those comprising middle note and/or top notevolatile constituents, like those selected from the group consisting ofallyl amyl glycolate, dihydromyrcenol, aldehyde C-12 MNA, decanol,isobornyl acetate, LILAL.RTM., tricyclo decenyl acetate, benzylsalicylate, and the like, and combinations thereof.

Humectants

Humectant is also a desirable additional component which helpscontribute moisturizing properties in the compositions of the invention.Exemplary humectants can include, but are not limited to, polyhydricalcohols (i.e. 1,2-propanediol, 1,3 and 1,4-butanediol,2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerine, and hexylene glycol) and polyols(i.e. polypropylene glycols, polyethylene glycols) and mixtures thereof.

Propellants

When the present invention involves the use of an aerosol composition, avolatile propellant is an essential component of such composition. Thelevel of incorporation of the volatile propellant is typically from 30to 99 parts by weight and particularly from 50 to 95 parts by weight.Non-chlorinated volatile propellant are preferred, in particularliquefied hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbon gases (particularlyfluorinated hydrocarbons such as 1,1-difluoroethane and/or1-trifluoro-2-fluoroethane) that have a boiling point of below10.degree. C. and especially those with a boiling point below 0.degree.C. It is especially preferred to employ liquefied hydrocarbon gases, andespecially C3 to C6 hydrocarbons, including propane, isopropane, butane,isobutane, pentane and isopentane and mixtures of two or more thereof.Preferred propellants are isobutane, isobutane/isopropane,isobutane/propane and mixtures of isopropane, isobutane and butane.

Other propellants that can be contemplated include alkyl ethers, such asdimethyl ether or compressed non-reactive gases such air, nitrogen orcarbon dioxide.

Sensory Modifiers

Certain sensory modifiers are further desirable components in thecompositions of the invention. Such materials are preferably used at alevel of up to 20% by weight of a composition. Emollients, humectants,volatile oils, non-volatile oils, and particulate solids which impartlubricity are all suitable classes of sensory modifiers. Examples ofsuch materials include cyclomethicone, dimethicone, dimethiconol,isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, talc, finely divided silica(eg. Aerosil 200), polyethylene (eg. Acumist B18), polysaccharides, cornstarch, C12-C15 alcohol benzoate, PPG-3 myristyl ether, octyl dodecanol,C7-C14 isoparaffins, di-isopropyl adipate, isosorbide laurate, PPG-14butyl ether, glycerol, hydrogenated polyisobutene, polydecene, titaniumdioxide, phenyl trimethicone, dioctyl adipate, and hexamethyldisiloxane.

Thickening Agent (Including Thickeners and Gelling Agents)

The compositions of the present invention can also preferably comprise athickening agent, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, evenmore preferably from about 0.1% to about 9%, and most preferably fromabout 0.25% to about 8%, of a thickening agent.

Preferred compositions of the present invention include a thickeningagent selected from carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylates,polyacrylamides, xanthan gum and mixtures thereof, more preferablyselected polyacrylamide polymers, xanthan gum and mixtures thereof.Preferred polyacrylamides are predispersed in a water-immiscible solventsuch as mineral oil and the like, containing a surfactant (HLB fromabout 7 to about 10) which helps to facilitate water dispersibility ofthe polyacrylamide. Most preferred for use herein is the non-ionicpolymer under the CTFA designation: polyacrylamide and isoparaffin andlaureth-7, available under the trade name Sepigel 305 from SeppicCorporation. Also useful are acrylic acid/ethyl acrylate copolymers andthe carboxyvinyl polymers sold by the B. F. Goodrich Company under thetrade mark of Carbopol resins. Suitable Carbopol resins are described inWO98/22085. All thickening agents discussed in application WO 00/24372should be considered as suitable for use in the present invention.

Also, Any gelling agent used in the art of soaps or deodorants may beused in the invention. These gelling agents are generally a metal saltof one or more fatty acids having a chain length of 12-22 carbon atoms.The fatty acid portion of the gelling agent is preferably a relativelypure saturated or unsaturated C12-C22 fatty acid including myristic,palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and combinations thereof.Preferred gelling agents include sodium stearate, potassium stearate,sodium palmitate, potassium myristate, sodium myristate, combinationsthereof and the like.

Structurants

Structurants also may be additional component of the compositions of theinvention that are highly desirable in certain product forms.Structurants, when employed, are preferably present at from 1% to 30% byweight of a composition,

Suitable structurants include cellulosic thickeners such as hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxy ethyl cellulose, and dibenzylidenesorbitol. Other suitable structurants include sodium stearate, stearylalcohol, cetyl alcohol, hydrogenated castor oil, synthetic waxes,paraffin waxes, hydroxystearic acid, dibutyl lauroyl glutamide, alkylsilicone waxes, quaternium-18 bentonite, quaternium-18 hectorite,silica, and propylene carbonate.

Silicone Based Ingredients

The compositions of the present invention preferably also containsilicone based ingredients. Preferred examples are discussed below:

i) Silicone Based Emollients. Organopolysiloxane oils may be used asingredients with emollient benefits in the present compositions.Suitable organopolysiloxane oils include volatile, non-volatile, or amixture of volatile and non-volatile silicones. The term “non-volatile”as used in this context refers to those silicones that are liquid underambient conditions and have a flash point (under one atmospheric ofpressure) of or greater than about 100.degree. C. The term “volatile” asused in this context refers to those silicone oils having a flash pointof less than 100.degree. C. Suitable organopolysiloxanes can be selectedfrom a wide variety of silicones spanning a broad range of volatilitiesand viscosities. Non-volatile polysiloxanes are preferred. Suitablesilicones are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,069,897, issued Dec. 3, 1991,which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

Preferred for use herein are organopolysiloxanes selected from the groupconsisting of polyalkylsiloxanes, alkyl substituted dimethicones,dimethiconols, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, and mixtures thereof. Morepreferred for use herein are polyalkylsiloxanes and cyclomethicones.Preferred among the polyalkylsiloxanes are dimethicones for exampleDC200 available from Dow Corning and SF96 available from GE Silicone.

ii) Silicone Based Emulsifiers. Preferred emulsions of the presentinvention include a silicone containing emulsifier or surfactant. A widevariety of silicone emulsifiers are useful herein. These siliconeemulsifiers are typically organically modified organopolysiloxanes, alsoknown to those skilled in the art as silicone surfactants. Usefulsilicone emulsifiers include dimethicone copolyols. These materials arepolydimethyl siloxanes which have been modified to include polyetherside chains such as polyethylene oxide chains, polypropylene oxidechains, mixtures of these chains, and polyether chains containingmoieties derived from both ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Otherexamples include alkyl-modified dimethicone copolyols, i.e., compoundswhich contain C2-C30 pendant side chains. Still other useful dimethiconecopolyols include materials having various cationic, anionic,amphoteric, and zwitterionic pendant moieties.

Skin Lightening Agents

The compositions of the present invention can also comprise a skinlightening agent. When used, the compositions preferably comprise fromabout 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%,also preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, of a skin lightening agent.Suitable skin lightening agents include those known in the art,including kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof,e.g., magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Further skin lightening agentssuitable for use herein also include those described in WO 95/34280 andWO 95/23780; each incorporated herein by reference.

Suncreens Inorganic Sunscreens

Inorganic sunscreens use titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. They workprimarily by reflecting and scattering UV light. The organics includewidely used ingredients such as octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC),4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), avobenzone, oxybenzone, andhomosalate. They work primarily by absorbing UV light and dissipating itas heat.

Formulators often combine inorganic and organic sunscreens for asynergistic effect. In fact, that is how most are capable of achievingvery high SPF--sun protection factor--ratings. SPF is a measure of howeffectively a sunscreen in a formulation limits skin exposure to theUV-B rays that burn skin. The higher the number, the more protection asunscreen formula affords against sunburn.

Set forth below is a listing of approved sunscreen drug products forover-the-counter human use that are applicable for us in the inventionwhen used in combinations, formulation must follow FDA guidelines (21CFR 352 Sec. 352.10).

Active Limit, wt % a. Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 15 b. Avobenzone 3 c.Cinoxate 3 d. Dioxybenzone 3 e. Ensulizole 4 f. Homosalate 15 g. Menthylanthranilate 5 h. Meradimate 5 i. Octinoxate 7.5 j. Octisalate 5 k.Octocrylene 10 l. Octyl methoxycinnamate 7.5 m. Octyl salicylate 5 n.Oxybenzone 6 o. Padimate O 8 p. Phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid 4 q.Sulisobenzone 10 r. Titanium dioxide 25 s. Trolamine salicylate 12 t.Zinc oxide 25

In addition to the organic sunscreens compositions of the presentinvention can additionally comprise inorganic physical sunblocks.Nonlimiting examples of suitable physical sunblocks are described inCTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 6th Edition, 1995,pp. 1026-28 and 1103, Sayre, R. M. et al., “Physical Sunscreens”, J.Soc. Cosmet. Chem., vol 41, no 2, pp. 103-109 (1990). Preferredinorganic physical sunblocks are zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, andmixtures thereof.

When used, the physical sunblocks are present in an amount such that thepresent compositions are transparent on the skin (i.e., non-whitening),preferably less than or equal to about 5%. When titanium dioxide isused, it can have an anatase, rutile, or amorphous structure. Physicalsunblock particles, e.g., titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, can beuncoated or coated with a variety of materials including but not limitedto amino acids, aluminium compounds such as alumina, aluminium stearate,aluminium laurate, and the like; carboxylic acids and their salts e.g.,stearic acid and its salts; phospholipids such as lecithin; organicsilicone compounds; inorganic silicone compounds such as silica andsilicates; and mixtures thereof. A preferred titanium dioxide iscommercially available from Tayca (Japan) and is distributed by Tri-KIndustries (Emerson, N.J.) under the MT micro-ionised series (e.g., MT100SAS).

The compositions of the present invention preferably comprise from about0.1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 4%, and mostpreferably from about 0.5% to about 2.5%, by weight, of inorganicsunscreen.

Esters

Esters can function as many of the above noted ingredients. While thosein those having skill in the art can readily determine which esters aremost appropriate to provide a particularly desired function,applications specifically note that esters used in this invention mayinclude the esters produced, including all the appropriate conjugatemono and diesters, from biologically-derived 1,3 propanediol usingorganic carboxylic acids. Some esters in particular that are producedinclude propanediol distearate and monostearate, propandiol dilaurateand monolaurate, propanediol dioleate and monooleate, propanedioldivalerate and monovalerate, propanediol dicaprylate and monocaprylate,propanediol dimyristate and monomyristate, propanediol dipalmitate andmonopalmitate, propanediol dibehenate and monobehenate, propanedioladipate, propanediol maleate, propanediol dioxalate, propanedioldibenzoate, propanediol diacetate, and all mixtures thereof.

Natural Ingredients

Any natural or nature-derived ingredients similar in composition or infunction to the above ingredients can be used in these compositions.

Viscosity

Preferred compositions have an apparent viscosity of from about waterthin to about 1,000,000 mPa.s (centipoise). For example, preferredlotions have an apparent viscosity of from about 500 to about 25,000mPa.s; preferred creams have an apparent viscosity of from about 20,000to about 250,000 mPa.s.

Some personal care compositions containing Bio-PDO, such as clearshampoos and sulfate-free shampoo, may require approximately 30% lesssalt to adjust the viscosity than other compositions containingcomparable glycols such as propylene glycol, butylene glycol,2-methyl-1,3 propanediol etc. In other compositions such as bodywash—Bio-PDO may help maintain and build viscosity.

The compositions of the present invention are usually formulated to havea pH of 9.5 or below and in general have a pH in the range from about4.5 to about 9, more preferably from about 5 to about 8.5. Somecompositions, particularly those comprising an additional active such assalicylic acid, require a lower pH in order for the additional active tobe fully efficacious. These compositions are usually formulated to havea pH of from about 2.5 to about 5, more preferably from about 2.7 toabout 4.

Skin Irritation and Sensitization

In a human skin patch test with approximately 100 subjects, 5, 25, and50% PDO did not cause any skin reactions indicative of irritation orsensitization. A second human skin patch test did not produce anyclinically significant dermal irritation or sensitization reactions withconcentrations of 25, 50, and 75% PDO at pH 7, or 75% PDO at pH 4 and 9.Based on these studies PDO is not expected to be a skin irritant orsensitizer in humans. In the second human skin patch test, propyleneglycol (1,2-propanediol or PG) was also tested at 25, 50, and 75% (pH 7)and all three concentrations of PG were patch test irritants andcumulative irritants for human skin.

All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can bemade and executed without undue experimentation in light of the presentdisclosure. While the compositions and methods of the present disclosurehave been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will beapparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied tothe compositions and methods and in the steps or in the sequence ofsteps of the method described herein without departing from the concept,spirit, and scope of the invention. More specifically, it will beapparent that certain agents, which are chemically related, may besubstituted for the agents described herein while the same or similarresults would be achieved. All such similar substitutes andmodifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to bewithin the spirit, scope, and concept of the invention as defined by theappended claims.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is further defined in the following Examples. Itshould be understood that these Examples, while indicating preferredembodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only.From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in the art canascertain the preferred features of this invention, and withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changesand modifications of the invention to adapt it to various uses andconditions.

Example 1

Renewably-Based, Biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Cosmetic Emulsion

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Water, deionized 61.34 Tetrasodium EDTA 0.10Bio-PDO 5.00 Carbopol 980 (2% solution) 10.00 Phase B Puresyn ® 2 5.00Lipomulse ® 165 2.50 Stearic Acid XXX 2.50 Cetearyl Alcohol 0.50Dimethicone DC 200-100 1.00 Phase C NaOH (20% solution) qs to pH 7.0-7.51.06 Phase D Germaben II 1.00

Phase A was combined at 75° C. Phase B was combined at 75° C. Phase Bwas added to Phase A. Phase C was then added to the Phase A/B. PhaseA/B/C was cooled to 40° C. and then Phase D was added. pH was adjustedto 7.0-7.5 with Phase C. The formulation produced was a smooth white andapparently stable emulsion.

RESULTS—pH 7.38, viscosity 12000 cps at 20 RPM

Oven stability was examined. Results were deemed acceptable.

Freeze/thaw stability was also examined. Freeze/thaw stability wasdeemed acceptable.

The viscosity of the cosmetic emulsion containing biologically-derived1,3-propanediol was on par with that of propylene glycol (12600 cps) andhigher than that of 1,3-butylene glycol (6000 cps) or2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (9600 cps).

Example 2

Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Clear Face and HandLotion

Ingredients: % Wt. Deionized water 66.20 Bio-PDO 16.00 Ritasail 190(RITA) (dimethicone copolyol) 2.00 Pationic ® 122A (RITA) (sodiumcaproyl lactylate 3.80 21.1% aqueous) Rhodapex ® ESY (Rhodia) (sodiumlaureth sulfate 4.00 26% aqueous) Germaben II (ISP/Sutton) (propyleneglycol, 1.00 diazolidinyl urea, methylparaben and propylparaben)Tetrasodium EDTA 5% aqueous 1.00 Aculyn ® 22 (ISP/Rohm & Haas)(acrylates/steareth-20 5.00 Methacrylate copolymer 25% aqueous)Triethanolamine 1.00 Fragrance q.s.

Procedure: Ingredients are combined in order as listed.

Properties: pH : 7.0 viscosity: 6,780 cps

Example 3

Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Hand and Body Cream

Ingredients: % Wt. Deionized water 75.49 Cellosize ® PCG 10 (Amerchol)0.20 Trisodium EDTA (Universal Preserv-A-Chem) 0.10 Bio-PDO 6.50 Shebu ®Refined (RITA) (shea butter) 2.00 Arlacel ® 60 (Uniqema) 4.00 MYRJ ® 52S(Uniqema) 0.50 Glycol stearate (Stepan) 2.00 DC SF 200/350 (Dow Corning)4.00 Isopropyl palmitate (Stepan) 3.00 Vitamin A palmitate (Roche) 0.01Aloe vera gel (Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Cucumber extract (Bio-Botanica) 0.50Ginko biloba extract (Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Red Clover extract(Bio-Botanica) 0.50 Biopein ® (Bio-Botanica) 0.20

Procedure: Disperse Cellosize® PCG 10 into deionized water with mixing.Add trisodium EDTA and Bio-PDOTM with mixing and heat to 80° C. Add thenext seven items and continue mixing until uniform. Remove heat andallow to cool. At 30° C., add aloe vera gel, cucumber extract, ginkgobiloba extract and red clover extract. Add Biopein® and mix untilhomogenous.

Example 4

Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Moisturizing

Body Care Cream

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Cremophor ® A6 (BASF) (ceteareth-6) 2.0Cremophor ® A25 (BASF) (ceteareth-25) 2.0 Vitis vinifera (grape) seedoil 6.0 Glyceryl Stearate SE 3.0 Cetearyl alcohol 2.0 Dimethicone 0.5Luvitol EHO (BASF) (cetearyl octanoate) 8.0 Oxynex ® 2004 (Merck KgaA)(1,3-Propanediol, BHT, 0.1 ascorbyl palmitate, glyceryl stearate andcitric acid) Phase B Bio-PDO 5.0 Edeta BD (BASF) (disodium EDTA) 0.1D-Panthenol USP (BASF) 1.0 Preservative q.s. Water q.s. to 100 Phase CLuvigel EM (BASF) (caprylic/capric triglycerides and sodium acrylatescopolymer) 1.0 Phase D Vitamin E Acetate (BASF) 0.5 Perfume q.s.

Procedure: Heat phase A and phase B to about 80° C. Stir phase B intophase A while homogenizing. Add phase C to phase A/B and homogenizeagain. Cool to about 40° C., add phase D and homogenize shortly.

Properties: Viscosity: approx. 25,000 mPa·s (Brookfield); pH value: 6.5

Exampl 5

Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Moisturizing Body CareCream

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Cremophor ® GC 7 (BASF) (PEG7-glyceryl-cocoate) 8.0 Cremophor ® A-25 (BASF) (ceteareth-25) 22.0Cremophor ® WO 7 (BASF) (hydrogenated castor oil) 1.0 Bio-PDO 3.0Masil ® SF19 (BASF) (PEG 8 methicone) 1.0 Phase B Water 65.0 Phase CPreservative q.s. Fragrance q.s.

Procedure: Add ingredients in above order at 80° C. and mix untiluniform. Assure each is dissolved prior to next addition. Heat phase Bto 80° C. and combine with phase A. Cool to 50° C. Add fragrance andpreservative. Pour into containers while liquid and allow to set at roomtemperature.

Example 6

Renewably-Based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Moisturizing Hand andBody Lotion

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Varisoft ® TA-100 (Goldschmidt)(distearyldimonium 4.75 chloride) Crodacol C-70 (Croda) (cetyl alcohol)2.00 Penreco Snow White Petrolatum (Penreco) (petrolatum) 4.00 DC Fluid200, 1,000 cst (Dow Corning) (dimethicone) 0.25 Phase B Deionized waterq.s. Stepan ® IPM (Stepan) (isopropyl myristate) 3.25 Bio-PDO 4.00 PhaseC Sensomer ® CI-50 (Ondeo Nalco) 3.00 (starch hydroxypropyltrimoniumchloride) AA040513 Cucumber (Arylessence) (fragrance) 0.25 Preservativeq.s. Sodium hydroxide q.s. to pH 6

Procedure: In separate containers, thoroughly mix the ingredients ofphase A and phase B to 75° C. Pour phase A into phase B; mix well attemperature for 10 minutes. Remove heat and continue mixing untiltemperature is under 40° C. Add phase C ingredients in the order listed,mixing well between additions. Adjust pH to 6.

Example 7

Renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-Propanediol in Moisturizing LotionSPF15

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Stearyl alcohol 2.00 Estol ® 1543 (Uniqema)(ethylhexyl palmitate) 5.00 Estol ® 3609 (Uniqema) (triethylhexanoin)5.00 Tween ® 60 (polysorbate 60) 2.00 Isohexadecane 7.50 Solaveil ®CT100 (Uniqema) (C₁₂-C₁₅ alkyl benzoate (and) 15.00 titanium dioxide(and) polyhydroxystearic acid (and) aluminum stearate (and) alumina)Phase B Distilled water 54.40 Arlatone ® 2121 (Uniqema) (sorbitanstearate (and) 2.50 sucrose cocoate) Monomate RMEA-40 (aqua (and)disodium ricinoleamido 0.200 MEA-sulfosuccinate) Phase C Veegum ® Ultra(R T Vanderbilt) (magnesium aluminum 0.80 silicate) Keltrol ® RD(Nutrosweet Kelco) (xanthan gum) 0.20 Sodium lactate 50% 0.40 Germaben ®II (ISP) (propylene glycol (and) diazolidinyl urea 1.00 (and)methylparaben (and) propylparaben) Bio-PDO 4.00

Procedure: Heat phase B to 80° C. with moderate stirring, untilArlatone® 2121 is fully dispersed. Add Keltrol® and Veegum®; stir untilhomogeneous. Add remaining water phase ingredients, maintainingtemperature at 80° C. Heat phase A to 80° C. Add phase A to B/C withvigorous mixing. Homogenize for two minutes. Cool with moderate stirringto room temperature.

Example 8 Skin Treatment Lotion

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Deionized water 61.7 Keltrol ® CG (Kelco)(xanthan gum) 0.2 Bio-PDO 5.0 Multifruit ® BSC (Arch Personal Care) 3.0Jeescreen Benzophenone-4 (Jeen) (benzophenone-4) 0.1 Jeechem GMS-165(Jeen) (glyceryl stearate (and) 3.0 PEG-100 stearate) Phase B JeesilcIDD (Jeen) (dimethicone crosspolymer-3 (and) 4.0 isododecane) Jeesilc245 (Jeen) (cyclomethicone) 8.0 Jeesilc 200 MV (100 cst) (dimethicone)2.0 Simulgel ® NS (Seppic) 4.0 Phase C Jeesilc 6056 (Jeen)(dimethylpolysiloxane gum) 3.0 Jeecide G-II (Jeen) (propylene glycol(and) diazolidinyl urea 1.0 (and) methylparaben (and) propylparaben)Arnica Extract (Botanicals Plus) (arnica montana) 2.0 Flamingo Super Red1.0 Phase D Jeesorb L-20 (Jeen) (polysorbate 20) 1.0 Vitamin E Acetate(Jeen) (tocopheryl acetate) 0.5 Fragrance 0.5

Procedure: Heat water to 65° C. Pre-mix Keltrol® and Bio-PDO and add tothe water phase. Mix until dissolved. Add the other ingredients of phaseA one at a time and mix well. Cool to 50° C. In the oil phase tank, addthe Jeesilc IDD, Jeesilc 245 and Jeesilc 200 MV (100 cst) and mix untiluniform. Add the Simulgel® and mix to 50 ° C. Using a homogenizer, addphase B to phase A and mix for 10 minutes. Cool to 40° C. Switch to propagitation. Add the ingredients of phase C one at a time into the maintank and mix well after each addition. Pre-mix phase D in a side vesseland add to the main tank. Mix well.

Example 9 Broad Spectrum SPF Sunscreen

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Deionized water 57.85 Carbopol 980 (Noveon)(carbomer) 0.30 Disodium EDTA (Dow Chemical) 0.10 Bio-PDO 4.00 Phase BEscalol 557 (ISP) (octinoxate) 7.50 Escalol 567 (ISP) (oxybenzone) 6.00Escalol 517 (ISP) (avobenzone) 2.00 X-Tend 226 (ISP) (2-phenylethylbenzoate) 10.00 Prolipid ® 141 (ISP) (glyceryl stearate, behenylalcohol, 4.00 palmitic acid, stearic acid, lecithin, lauryl alcohol,myristyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol) Phase C Deionized water 5.00Triethanolamine 99% 0.40 Phase D Liquapar Optima (ISP) (phenoxyethanol,methylparaben, 1.25 isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben and butylparaben)Liquapar Oil (ISP) (isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben 0.40 andbutylparaben) Lexguard O (Inolex) (caprylyl glycol) 1.00 Phase EGlycacil ®-L (Lonza) (iodopropynyl butylcarbamate) 0.20

Procedure: Combine ingredients in phase A; mix until uniform and heat to75° C. Combine ingredients in phase B; heat to 75° C. Combine phase Bwith phase A with homogenization. Combine phase C with phase A/B withhomogenization. Cool to 45° C. (heat Lexguard 0 and add to LiquaParOptima) and add phase D. Add phase E. Cool to room temperature. Qs forwater loss.

Properties: Viscosity: 17,600 cps, pH 6.44

Example 10 Standard Sunscreen

Ingredients % Wt. Phase A Lanolin 5.0 Homosalate 8.0 White petrolatum2.5 Stearic acid 4.0 Propylparaben 0.1 Phase B Methylparaben 0.1 Edetatedisodium 0.1 Bio-PDO 5.0 Triethanolamine 1.0 Purified water USP 74.3

Procedure: Preparation A and preparation B are heated separately to 77to 82 [deg]C, with constant stirring, until the contents of each partare solubilized. Add preparation A slowly to preparation B whilestirring. Continue stirring until the emulsion formed is cooled to roomtemperature (15 to 30 [deg]C). Add sufficient purified water to obtain100 grams of standard sunscreen preparation.

Example 11 Water-Resistant Sunscreen Lotion SPF 21

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Deionized water 63.10 Versene ® NA (Dow)(disodium EDTA) 0.05 Carbopol Ultrez 10 Polymer (Noveon) (carbomer) 0.25Pemulen ® TR-2 Polymeric Emulsifier (Noveon) 0.15 (acrylates/C10-30alkyl acrylate crosspolymer) Bio-PDO 3.00 Phase B NeoHeliopan, Type AV(Haarmann & Reimer) 5.00 (octyl methoxycinnamate) Octyl salicylate 3.00HallBrite ® BHB (C.P. Hall) (butyloctyl salicylate) 5.00 Parsol ® 1789(Roche) (avobenzone) 3.00 Procol CS-20-D (Protameen) (cetearyl alcoholand ceteareth-20) 1.50 Crodamol CAP (Croda) (cetearyl octanoate) 2.00Vitamin E acetate (BASF) 0.50 Phase C Crovol A-70 (Croda) (PEG-60 almondglycerides) 0.50 DC 1401 Fluid (Dow Corning) (dimethiconol and 1.50cyclomethicone) Ultrasil Copolyol-1 Silicone (Noveon)(PEG-8 dimethicone)1.50 Phenonip ® (Clariant) (phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, 1.00ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben and isobutylparaben) TapiocaPure (National Starch) (tapioca starch) 4.00 Sodium hydroxide 18% 1.00Avalure ® UR 450 Polymer (Noveon) 3.95 (PPG-17/IPDI/DMPA copolymer 38%solids)

Procedure: Dissolve disodium EDTA in warm water (−50° C.). Add CarbopolUltrez 10 polymer and allow to wet out for approximately five minutes.Disperse Pemulen® Polymeric emulsifier and allow to mix in for about 15minutes. Add Bio-PDO. Bring phase A to ˜70° C. Add approximately 15% ofthe total neutralizing agent necessary to phase A. Blend phase Bingredients and bring to −80° C., making sure solid ingredients aredissolved. Add phase B to phase A with vigorous agitation. Add PEG-60almond glycerides. Add dimethiconol and cyclomethicone. Add UltrasilCopolyol-1 silicone. Add Phenonip® after the emulsion cools to <60° C.Add tapioca starch. Add the remainder of the neutralizing agent. AddAvalure® UR 450 polymer.

pH: 7.0-7.5

Viscosity (mPa·s)*: 15,000-21,000

SPF (waterproof)**: 21 (in-vitro method, 80 min. immersion)

Example 12 Waterproof Protective Suncare SPF 20

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase A Simusol 165 (Seppic) (glyceryl stearate andPEG-100 stearate) 3.20 Montanov ® S (Seppic) (coco-glucoside and coconutalcohol) 1.30 Isodecyl neopentanoate 10.00 PVP hexadecene copolymer 5.00Bio-PDO 5.00 Ethyl hexyl methoxycinnamate 7.50 Benzophenone-3 2.50 Ethylhexyl salicylate 5.00 Zinc oxide 7.10 Phase B Sepicalm VG (Seppic)(sodium palmitoyl proline 3.00 and Nymphea alba flower extract)Cyclomethicone 5.00 Phase C Simulgel ® EG (Seppic) (sodium 1.00acrylate/acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer, isohexadecane andpolysorbate 80) Phase D Tromethamine q.s. Tetrasodium EDTA 0.20 Xanthangum 0.15 Magnesium aluminum silicate 1.00 Water q.s. to 100 Phase ESepicide HB (Seppic) (phenoxyethanol (and) methylparaben 0.30 (and)ethylparaben (and) propylparaben (and) butylparaben) Sepicide CI(Seppic) (imidazolidinyl urea) 0.20 DL-alpha tocopherol 0.05 Fragrance0.30

Procedure: Melt phase A ingredients at 75-80° C. and disperse zinc oxidein the warm fatty phase. Disperse silicate and xanthan gum in wateruntil homogeneous, then introduce EDTA and tromethamine. Add Simulgel®EG to this blend with vigorous stirring to obtain swelling of thepolymer, then heat to 80° C. Add fatty phase A to the water phase andbegin homogenizing for five minutes. Start cooling while continuouslyhomogenizing. Introduce Sepicalm VG and cyclomethicone at 60° C. andhomogenize for five minutes. Cool with moderate stirring and add phase Eingredients at 30° C.

Example 13 Hand Barrier Cream

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to 100.0 Bio-PDO 4.00Ammonyx ® GA-70PG* 2.86 Phase 2 Petrolatum 4.00 Stepan ® IPP 3.00Stepan ® Cetyl Alcohol, NF 2.00 TiO2Sperse 40% solution in OctyldodecylNeopentanoate 10.00  (Collaborative Labs) Phase 3 KCl 0.40 Citric Acidq.s. Preservatives q.s. Total 100.00 

Procedure: Prepare water phase by adding water, Bio-PDOTM and Ammonyx®GA-70PG*. Mix well. Start heating to 160° F. Prepare oil phase by addingPetrolatum, Stepan® IPP, Stepan® Cetyl Alcohol and TiO2Sperse. Heat to160-165° F. Add oil phase to the water phase. Emulsify for 20-25minutes. Cool to room temperature. Premix KCI with water and add tobatch. Add preservatives. Adjust pH to 4.0 if necessary.

Physical Properties pH 4.0-5.0; Viscosity 2,000-3,000 cps

Example 14 Lotion for Normal-Oily Skin

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to 100.0 Carbopol 934 (BFGoodrich) Carbomer 0.15 Bio-PDO 3.00 Phase 2 Stepan ® Octyl Isononanoate5.00 Dow Corning 200 Fluid (Dow Corning) Dimethicone 0.10 Wecobee ® S0.50 Stepan ® Cetyl Alcohol, NF 0.50 Kartacid 1890 (Akzo Nobel BV)Stearic Acid 3.00 Phase 3 Versene ® 200 (Dow Corning) Tetrasodium EDTA0.10 Triethanolamine 1.80 Preservative q.s. Total 100.0

Procedure: Prepare Phase 1 by adding D.I. water to a suitable mixingvessel and begin agitation. Add Carbopol 934 with good agitation and mixat high speed until the solution is free of lumps. Add Bio-PDO and mix.Heat to 165-170° F. In a separate container prepare Phase 2 and heat to170-175° F. Add Phase 2 to Phase 1 with good agitation and mix for 30minutes. Start cooling to 90° F. At 110° F. add Phase 3 ingredients.Stop cooling and agitation at 90° F.

Properties: Viscosity at 25° C.: 2000-5000 cps; pH 7.8-8.0

Example 15 Skin Soothing Lotion

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to 100.0 Carbopol 940 (B.F.Goodrich) Carbomer 0.20 Glucam ® P-20 (Amerchol) PPG-20 Methyl GlucoseEther 0.14 Bio-PDO 2.25 Phase 2 Neobee ® M-20 4.50 Wecobee ® S 0.75Stepan ® 653 0.50 Stepan ® Cetyl Alcohol, NF 0.50 Kartacid 1890 (AkzoNobel BV) Stearic Acid 2.95 Phase 3 Preservative 0.10 Versene ® 220(Dow) Tetrasodium EDTA 0.10 Triethanolamine 0.25 Total 100.0

Procedure: Prepare Phase 1. Add Carbopol 940 to D.I. water with goodmixing until solution is free of lumps. Add PPG-20 methyl glucose etherand Bio-PDO. Mix until completely dissolved. Heat to 165° F. In aseparate container, prepare Phase 2. Heat to 165-170° F. Add Phase 2 toPhase 1 (both at 165-170° F.) with good agitation. Emulsify for 20minutes and then begin to cool with slow agitation. At 110° F. addingredients from Phase 3. At 90° F. stop cooling and agitation.

Properties: Viscosity: at 25° C.: 2200-3700 cps

Example 16 Clear Moisturizer

Ingredients: % Wt. Aloe Vera Gel q.s. to 100.0 Bio-PDO 3.50 MethylParaben 0.15 Carbopol 934 0.50 Alcohol 190 Proof 20.00 Stepan ® PEG 600ML 1.00 Tween ® 2.00 Fragrance q.s. TEA 88% 0.8 Glydant q.s. Total 100.0

Procedure: Combine Aloe Vera Gel and Bio-PDO. Start mixing. Add methylparaben. Mix until solution is clear. Add Carbopol 934. Mix untilsolution does not have lumps. Add alcohol. Mix well. Premix PEG 600Monolaurate, Tween 20 and perfume. Add to batch. Mix well. Add Glydant.Add TEA. Solution should be clear.

Physical Properties: pH 6.0-6.5

Example 17 Therapeutic Hand & Body Lotion

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 D.I. Water q.s. to 100.0 Bio-PDO 4.00Ammonyx ® GA-70PG 18.4 Phase 2 Petrolatum 4.0 Stepan ® IPP 3.0 SiliconeDC-200 (350 cps) 1.0 Stepan ® Cetyl Alcohol, NF 2.0 Phase 3 KCl 0.4Citric Acid q.s. Glydant q.s. Total 100.0

Procedure: Prepare water phase by adding water, Bio-PDO, and Ammonyx®GA-70PG. Mix well. Start heating to 160° F. Prepare oil phase by addingpetrolatum, Stepan® IPP, silicone, Stepan® Cetyl Alcohol. Heat to160-165° F. Add oil phase to water phase. Emulsify for 20-25 minutes.Start cooling. Premix KCI with water and add into the batch at 100-110°F. Add Glydant at 100° F. Adjust pH if necessary. Homogenize ifnecessary.

Physical Properties: pH 4.0-4.5; viscosity: 3,000-4,000 cps

Example 18 Cream Conditioner for Permanent—Waved Hair

Ingredients: % Wt. Ammonyx ® 4 5.00 Bio-PDO 1.50 Panthenol 0.50 CitricAcid q.s. D.I. Water q.s. to 100 Stepan ® Cetyl Alcohol, NF 2.50PPG-Ceteth 20 1.25 Stepan ® Stearyl Alcohol 97 0.75 Fragrance, Dye &Preservative q.s. Total 100.0

Procedure: Add ingredients and mix while heating to 75° C. Mix untilwell blended. Cool with mixing to 30° C. and add fragrance,preservative, and dye if desired. Adjust pH with citric acid to 3-5.

Physical Properties: Appearance: Opaque, white liquid; Viscosity: 2000cps

Example 19 Clear Hair Conditioner

Ingredients: % Wt. Ammonyx ® KP 3.00 Ammonyx ® CETAC 1.50 Bio-PDO 1.50Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.90 Polyquaternium 10 0.25 Fragrance, Dye &Preservative q.s. Citric Acid q.s. D.I. Water q.s. to 100 Total 100.0

Procedure: Disperse hydroxyethylcellulose in D.I. water with mixinguntil clear. Add Ammonyx® KP and mix until homogeneous. Slowly addAmmonyx® CETAC and mix until homogeneous. Disperse Polyquaternium-10 inBio-PDO and add to above solution with mixing until clear. Adjust pH to5.5, if necessary, with citric acid. Add fragrance, dye andpreservative, if desired.

Physical Properties: pH 5.5; viscosity: 750 cps

Example 20

Spray-On Detangling Conditioner

Ingredients: % Wt. D.I. Water q.s. to 100.0 Bio-PDO 1.50 Ammonyx ® KP1.00 Surfactant 193 (Dow Corning) Dimethicone Copolyol 1.00 Tween ® 20(ICI) Polysorbate-20 0.30 Citric Acid (50%) q.s. Fragrance, Dye &Preservative q.s. Total 100.0

Procedure: Into a vessel equipped with agitation, add first fouringredients. Mix well. Premix fragrance and Tween® 20 in a separatecontainer. Add to the batch. Mix well. Adjust pH with citric acid, ifnecessary. Add dye and preservative as desired.

Physical Properties: pH 4.0-4.4; Viscosity at 25° C.: water thin

Example 21 Moisturizing Spray

Ingredients: % Wt. Water 70.8 Preservative 0.2 Bio-PDO 28.0 Ammonyx ®GA-70PG 0.9 Hydrolyzed Silk 0.1 Fragrance 0.1 Total 100.0

Procedure: Charge water. Add Bio-PDO. Heat to 50° C. and blend inAmmonyx® GA-70PG. Mix well until homogeneous. Cool with mixing. At 30°C., add propyl paraben and hydrolyzed silk. Cool to 25° C., addfragrance. Adjust pH to 5.5-6.5 with citric acid or sodium hydroxide.

Physical Properties: Viscosity: 20 cps

Example 22 Men's After Shave—Clear Microemulsion

Ingredients: % Wt. Phase 1 Stepan ® PEG 400 MO 12.7 Stepan ® IPM 11.0Stepan ® PEG 400 ML 7.0 Bio-PDO 3.5 Stepan ® GMO 3.0 DC 556 SiliconeFluid (Dow Corning) 1.0 Phase 2 Ethanol 25.0 Triethanolamine q.s.Fragrance, dye, preservative q.s. D.I. Water q.s. to 100 Total 100.0

Procedure: Heat D.I. water to 95° C. Mix the components of Phase (1) andheat to 95° C. Add Phase (1) to D.I. water with mixing. Cool to 30° C.,and add ethanol. Adjust pH to 7.0-8.0 with triethanolamine. Addfragrance, dye, and preservative, if desired. This formula will create aclear microemulsion.

Physical Properties: pH 7.0-8.0; viscosity: 40 cps

Example 23 Hand Cleanser

Ingredients: Wt. % Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (ALS) (28%) 26.0 Cocamide DEA6.0 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) (25%) 18.0 Bio-PDO Propanediol 1.0 Water44.5 Bio-PDO Stearate 0.5 Irgasan 0.2 Tetrasodium EDTA (5 wt %) 2.0Fragrance 0.2 Citric acid (50 wt %) QS

Procedure

-   -   Blend ALS, Cocamide DEA, SLS and ZemeaTM Propanediol    -   Add Bio-PDO Stearate and Irgsan    -   Heat to 60 oC.    -   Cool to 30 oC, add EDTA    -   Stir until a homogeneous solution is formed    -   Adjust to pH 6 with citric acid    -   Add fragrance

Benefits

-   -   Highly Stable    -   Higher Viscosity    -   Excellent Foaming

Example 24 Hand Cleanser

Ingredients: Wt. % Carbopol 934 NF 0.50 Germaben II 0.06 Bio-PDO 5.00Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 47.70 D.I. Water 43.79 Triethanolamine (20 wt %)2.50 Fragrance 0.50

Procedure

-   -   Heat water and germaben II solution at 50oC    -   Add carbopol    -   Stir contents to form uniform gel    -   Add Bio-PDO, IPA and water    -   Stir until a homogeneous solution is formed    -   Cool below 30oC    -   Adjust to pH 7 with TEA    -   Add fragrance

Benefits

-   -   Highly Stable    -   Higher Viscosity    -   Excellent Hydrotrope

Example 25 Hair Conditioner

Ingredients Wt % Ammonyx^(R) 4⁴ 5.00 Bio-PDO¹ 1.50 Panthenol 0.50 Cetylalcohol² 3.50 Ceteareth³ 1.25 Germaben II² 0.50 Fragrance, Dye QS D.I.Water QS to 100 ¹DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products ²The ChemistryStore.com, Cayce, SC ³Somerset Cosmetic Co. LLC, Renton, WA ⁴Stephan Co.Northfield, IL

Procedure: Combine components listed in the table, mix well and heat to75° C. Mix until well blended. Cool mixture and add preservative. Adjustthe pH to 5, if required using citric acid. Mix the mixture overnight.Opaque white liquid is formed.

Physical Properties: pH: 5; Opague white liquid is formed.

Example 26 Hand Cleanser

Ingredient Wt. % Carbopol 934 NF² 0.50 BioPDO¹ 5.00 Isopropyl alcohol57.0 D.I. Water 35.0 Triethanolamine (20 wt %) 2.0 Fragrance QS ¹DuPontTate & Lyle Bio Products ²Noveon, Cleveland, OH

Procedure: Heat the 100 g water to 50° C. and add this hot solution to 4g Carbopol 940. Stirr the gel at 50° C. for 4 h. Stop heating andcontinue the agitation for 20 h. A uniform gel will formed. Add theBio-PDO, Isopropyl alcohol and water, agitate unitl a homogenous mixtureis formed and cool the Adjust the pH to 7 using dilute triethanolaminesolution. Add fragrance. Mixture should be clear after pH is adjusted.

Example 27 Solid Deodorant

Ingredients Wt % Bio-PDO¹ 48.0 Sodium stearate 6.5 Poly(ethylene glycol)monolaurate⁶ 2.0 Irgasan⁶ 0.2 Water QS ¹DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products⁶Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI

Procedure: To the mixture of Bio-PDO and water add sodium stearate andheat it to 100° C. until a clear liquid is formed add PEG monolaurate.Cool the mixture to 50° C. and pour into containers.

Example 28 Clear Tanning Spray Gel

Ingredients Wt % Phase A D.I water 12.5 Carbopol 934⁵ 0.5 Germaben II²0.05 Phase B Bio-PDO¹ 5.0 Ethanol 20.0 Poly(ethylene glycol)monolaurate⁶ 1.0 Polysorbate 60³ 2.0 Phase C2-Phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid⁶ 2.0 Triethanol amine 2.0 D.I.water 25.0 Phase D D.I water QS Germaben II² 0.8 ¹DuPont Tate & Lyle BioProducts ²The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC ³Somerset Cosmetic Co. LLC,Renton, WA ⁴Stephan Co. Northfield, IL ⁵Noveon, Cleveland, OH⁶Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI

Procedure: Mix water and Germaben II of phase and heat the mixture to50° C. and add this hot solution to Carbopol. Stirr the gel at 50° C.for 4 h. Stop heating and continue the agitation for 20 h. In a separatecontainer, take 2-Phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid, add water andtriethanolamine. Mix the components until a clear solution is formed.Add Bio-PDO, ethanol PEG monolaurate and polysorbate 60. Mix until auniform gel is formed. Add phase C, mix the gel thoroughly. Add waterand preservative continue agitation until a clear gel is formed. pHshould be about 7.

Example 29 Men's After Shave

Ingredients Wt % Phase A Poly(ethylene glycol) monooleate⁶ 17.5 AloeVera 5.0 Poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate⁶ 7.0 Bio-PDO¹ 5.0 Sorbitol³3.0 Panthenol 0.5 Phase B Ethanol 25.0 GermabenII² 0.5 Triethanol amine,Fragrance, dye QS Water QS to 100 Viscosity 21 cps ¹DuPont Tate & LyleBio Products ²The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC ³Somerset Cosmetic Co.LLC, Renton, WA ⁴Stephan Co. Northfield, IL ⁵Noveon, Cleveland, OH⁶Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI

Procedure: Combine components of phase A and heat to 80° C. Add waterand heat to 80° C. Cool to 30° C. and add ethanol. Adjust the pH to7.0-.8.0 with triethanolamine, if required Add fragrance, dye andpreservative.

Example 30 Skin Lotion

Ingredients Wt % Phase A D.I. Water 20 Carbopol 934 NF⁵ 0.15 Bio-PDO¹3.00 Phase B Stephan IPM⁴ 5.00 Dimethicone³ 0.10 Cetyl Alcohol² 0.50Stearic acid 3.00 Phase C Triethanolamine 1.80 Tetrasodium EDTA (5%)4.00 Preservative Q.S. D.I. Water Q.S. to 100 Physical Properties: pH7.5; Viscosity: #4@ 60 rpm 2240 cps ¹DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products²The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC ³Somerset Cosmetic Co. LLC, Renton,WA ⁴Stephan Co. Northfield, IL ⁵Noveon, Cleveland, OH

Procedure: Combine components of phase A, mix well and heat to 80 oC.Combine Stephan IPM, dimethicone and cetyl alcohol in a differentcontainer and heat the mixture to 80 oC until a clear solution isformed. Add stearic acid to phase B and heat the mixture again at 80 oCuntil a clear solution is formed. Combine the Phase A and Phase B untilwell blended Cool the mixture to 50oC and add tri ethanol amine andtetrasodium EDTA solution. Heat the mixture until mixture is wellblended. Cool the mixture and add required amounts of water andpreservative.

Example 31 Clear Moisturizer

Ingredients Wt % Phase A Aloe Vera Gel QS to 100 Bio-PDO¹ 3.5 Carbopol934⁵ 0.5 Ethanol 20 PEG 1.0 Triethanol amine 0.8 Fragrance Qs GermabenII² 0.2 ¹DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products ²The Chemistry Store.com,Cayce, SC ⁵Noveon, Cleveland, OH

Procedure: Combine Aloe Vera Gel, Bio-PDO and GermabenII. Mix until thesolution is clear. Add Carbopol. Heat the mixture to 60° C. withstirring until the solution does not have lumps. Add alcohol. Mix well.Add PEG. Mix well until it forms clear solution. Add perfume, TEA andpreservative.

Example 32 Clear Shampoo

Ingredients Wt % Blend 213² 25 Sodium Laureth Sulfate CocamidopropylBetaine Cocamide DEA PEG-150 Distearate Cocamidopropyl Betaine² 5Bio-PDO¹ 5 DI Water 65 Sodium chloride solution (25 wt %) QS ¹DuPontTate & Lyle Bio Products ²The Chemistry Store.com, Cayce, SC

Procedure: Mix Blend 213 and cocamidopropyl betaine, add BioPDO, mixwell. Add water and stir for 20 h. Adjust the viscosity with sodiumchloride solution, if required.

Example 33 Kid's Soap with Antibacterial Agent

Ingredients Wt % Phase A Custom Blend BSC 40.0 Bio-PDO¹ 2.0Chloroxylenol 0.75 Phase B NaCl (25 wt %) solution 1.00 D.I Water,Fragrance QS ¹DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products ⁷Custom Ingredients, Inc.Chester, SC

Properties: pH: 7; Viscosity: 3000 cps

Procedure: Combine components of phase A and mix well. Apply heat tocompletely dissolve and achieve a clear solution. Add warm water slowlyand heat to clarity. Cool very slowly with mixing. Adjust the viscositywith sodium chloride . Add desired fragrance.

Example 34 Foundation

SEQ INGREDIENT % Wt A Deionized Water 63.00 A CMC 7H3SF 0.30 A VeegumUltra Granules 0.35 A Alcolec S (Lecithin) 0.40 A Triethanolamine 99%1.25 A Bio-PDO (1,3 Propanediol) 6.00 B Titanium Dioxide (waterdispersible 8.00 B Red Iron Oxide 0.40 B Yellow Iron Oxide 0.80 B BlackIron Oxide 0.10 B Collodial Kaolin 2.00 B Methyl Paraben 0.20 CPermethyl ®102A (Isoeicosane) 10.00 C Isostearic Acid 1.00 C StearicAcid Triple Pressed 2.50 C LIPO GMS 450 (Glyceryl Monostearate) 1.50 CLiponate TDTM (Tridecyl Trimelitate) 1.00 C LIPO GMS 470 (GlycerylMonostearate) 1.00 C Propyl Paraben 0.20 FORMULA TOTALS: 100.00

The manufacturing procedure for this emulsion was typical for alloil-in-water type products. Sequence A was dispersed and when the gumswere completely hydrated and the phase was uniform, pre-ground SequenceB (pigment phase) was added to it and mixed until both phases werecompletely uniform and homogeneous. Sequence C was weighed in a separatevessel and heated to 75°-80° C. until all the solids were melted and thephase was uniform. Sequence A was then heated to 75°-80° C. When all thephases were all at the proper temperatures, Sequence C (oil phase) wasslowly added to Sequences A & B (water phase). The emulsion was allowedto mix at 75° C. for 15 minutes and then cooled to 25° C. Samples fortesting were then poured off and placed at their respective stabilitystations in preparation for the 4 week study. The color and powder fillloading in these formulations was kept constant at 11.30% dry pigment.Conventional powder fill ingredients were chosen for these formulationsas to eliminate any potential variability in test results.

Physical Testing:

Brookfield Model RV−Spindle 5 at 20 rpm for 1 minute (factor×200)

Initial Initial 1 week 2 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 4 week pH ViscosityViscosity pH Viscosity Viscosity pH Viscosity 8.03 2400 2900 7.94 29002900 8.02 2900

Viscosity readings throughout the 4 week test period showed that therewas no unusual build or decrease in viscosity. Oven stability consistedof R/T, 45° C, and 2 Freeze/Thaw cycles. After 4 weeks, samples showedno signs of separation, sweating, severe loss of viscosity, change inconsistency, loss of structure, odor problems, or color change at anytemperature.

Aesthetic Properties

All samples were evaluated for potential differences in odor, color,appearance, application, texture, feel, wearability, or any otherdifferences, if any. All foundation samples were evaluated side-by side.In no cases were there any perceivable differences in any of theaesthetic properties associated with these types of cosmetic properties.Any differences noticed were insignificant and were not a result of theingredient changes. These were all fragrance free formulations, andthere were no apparent odor differences in any of the samples.

Example 35 Mascara

SEQ INGREDIENT % Wt. A Deionized Water 49.00 A Xanthan Gum 0.15 A VeegumHV Granules 0.55 A Disodium EDTA 0.05 A Triethanolamine 99% 0.50 AAlcolec S (Lecithin) 0.20 A Methyl Paraben 0.30 A Bio-PDO 10.00 B BlackIron Oxide 9.00 C DC 345 Fluid (D5 Cyclomethicone) 4.50 C DC5225CFormulation Aid 0.90 C White Beeswax 7.25 C Carnauba Wax #1 3.50 CStearic Acid Triple Pressed 1.80 C Lipomulse 165 (Glyceryl Monostearate)1.80 C Indopol H100 (Polybutene) 3.50 C Phenoxyethanol 1.00 C PropylParaben 0.20 C PVP/Eicosene Colpolymer 4.00 C Lipocol S (StearylAlcohol) 1.80 FORMULA TOTALS: 100.00

The manufacturing procedure for this formula was similar to that of thefoundation in Example 24. Higher temperatures were required for the oilphase due to the high level of hard waxes employed in this product.Sequence A was dispersed and when the gums were completely hydrated andthe phase was uniform, pre-ground sequence B (pigment phase) was addedto it and mixed until both phases were completely uniform andhomogeneous. Sequence C was weighed in a separate vessel and heated to80°-85° C. until all the solids were melted and the phase was uniform.Sequence A was then heated to 75°-80° C. When all the phases were all atthe proper temperatures, Sequence C (oil phase) was slowly added toSequences A & B (water phase). The emulsion was allowed to mix at 75° C.for 15 minutes. When the batch began to thicken at around 45° C, apaddle mixer was used to adequately turn over and mix the batch. Thebatch was mixed and cooled to 35° C. Samples for testing were thenpoured off and placed at their respective stability stations inpreparation for the 4 week study. The color loading in theseformulations was kept constant at 9.00% dry pigment. No other powderfill, except for the black iron oxide pigment, was employed in theseformulations. Additional powder fills will lend to a whitening andashyness, which, in mascaras, is unacceptable.

Physical Testing

Brookfield Model RV−Spindle T at 5 rpm for 1 minute (factor×10,000)

Initial Initial 1 week 2 week 2 week 3 week 4 week 4 week pH ViscosityViscosity pH Viscosity Viscosity pH Viscosity 8.58 180,000 320,000 8.55380,000 430,000 8.55 420,000

Viscosity readings throughout the 4 week test period showed that therewas no unusual build or decrease in viscosity. The variations seen arevery typical for a product of this type and fall within an acceptablerange for a mascara type product. Oven stability consisted of R/T, 45°C., and 2 Freeze/Thaw cycles. After 4 weeks, samples showed no signs ofseparation, sweating, severe loss of viscosity, change in consistency,loss of structure, odor problems, or color change at any temperature.

Aesthetic Properties:

All samples were evaluated for potential differences in odor, color,appearance, application, texture, feel, wearability, or any otherdifferences, if any. All mascara samples were evaluated side-by side. Inno cases were there any perceivable differences in any of the aestheticproperties associated with these types of cosmetic properties. Anydifferences noticed were insignificant and were not a result of theingredient changes. Additionally, the mascara samples showed nodifferences in water resistance. Even though the mascara was notspecifically designed to be water resistant, side by side, the productsperformed equally. These were all fragrance free formulations, and therewere no apparent odor differences in any of the samples.

Example 36 Body Wash

Ingredients: % Wt. Water 45.0 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate, 25% 21.0 AmmoniumLaureth Sulfate, 28% 21.0 Cocamidopropyl Betaine, 35% 4.0 AcrylatesCopolymer, Structure 3001 (30%) 5.0 Bio-PDO 1.0 Glycerin 1.0 PEG 10Sunflower Glycerides 0.5 Soybean Oil 0.2 Fragrance (0.2) Cocamide MEA0.2 PEG 5 Cocamide 0.2 Guar Hydroxypropyl trimonium Chloride 0.2Diisopropanolamine 0.1 Methylcellulose 0.05 Carbomer 0.05 TetrasodiumEDTA 0.05 Methylchloroisothiazolinone, 0.05 MethylisothiazolinoneEtidronic Acid 0.05 Guanine (CI 75170) 0.05 Mica (CI 77019) 0.05Titanium Dioxide (CI 77891) 0.05 TOTAL 100

Ingredients were combined in the following order, with propeller mixeragitation, allowing each ingredient to dissolve,disperse completelybefore adding the next. Batch was processed at 60° C.: Water, Acrylatespolymer, ALS, ALES, GAB, Guar Hydroxypropyl trimonium Chloride, EDTA,PEG 10 Sunflower glycerides, soybean oil, cocamide MEA, PEG 5 cocamide,iisopropanolamine/methylcellulose/carbomer/guanine, mica/titanium oxide,glycerin.

Example 37 Baby Lotion

Ingredients: % Wt. Water 85.2 Bio-PDO 3.0 Myristyl Myristate 2.5Glyceryl Stearate 1.5 Oleic Acid 1.2 Stearic Acid 1.2 Polysorbate 61 0.6C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate 0.5 Dimethicone 0.5 Isopropyl Palmitate 0.5Sorbitan Stearate 0.5 Cetyl Alcohol 0.5 Synthetic Beeswax 0.5 StearylAlcohol 0.5 Benzyl Alcohol 0.4 Carbomer 934 0.4 Fragrance 0.1Methylparaben 0.2 Propylparaben 0.05 Butylparaben 0.05 BHT 0.05 D&C Red3 trace TOTAL 100

Ingredients were combined in the following order, allowing each todissolve/disperse completely before adding the next:

Phase A: Disperse Carbomer in water with high speed agitation, allowingparticles to wet completely. Add Bio-PDO. Heat to 70° C.

Phase B: Combine Myristyl Myristate, glyceryl stearate, Oleic Acid,Polysorbate 61, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Dimethicone, Isopropyl Palmitate,Sorbitan Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Synthetic Beeswax, Stearyl; Alcohol,Benzyl Alcohol, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben, and BHT,heat to 70° C.

With continuous high speed agitation, slowly add Phase B to Phase A toform emulsion. Remove from heat and begin cooling with continuedagitation. After several minutes of mixing, add NaOH, dissolved in asmall amount of water. Batch will thicken. When Batch reaches roomtemperature, add color, fragrance, and replace water lost toevaporation. Batch is complete.

Example 38 Sulfate-Free Shampoo

Phase Ingredients: % Wt. A Water 33.82 A NA₂EDTA 0.05 A BIOTERGE AS 4045.00 A GLUCAMATE DOE 120 1.50 A Bio-PDO 4.75 B MONAMID CMA 3.00 BVELVETEX BK 35 10.00 C KATHON CG 0.06 C MACKPEARL 140V 1.50 D CITRICACID, 20% SOLN TO PH 6.0-6.5 0.32 TOTAL 100.00

Manufacturing Process:

Phase A: Combine Phase A ingredients into water and heat with mixing to75° C. Slowly add remaining Phase A ingredients. Hold temperature at 75°C. and mix slowly.

Phase B: Combine phase B ingredients and heat to 75° C. with slowmixing. Add Phase B to Phase A and mix until uniform.

Phase C: Add Phase C one at a time

Phase D: Use Phase D to adjust the pH of batch to 6.0-6.5

Example 39 Colored Cosmetic Composition (Liquid Make-Up)

Preparation: Mix the ingredients of phase B (aqueous phase) and heat themixture to 65oC with thorough stirring to form a homogeneous aqueousphase.

Separately mix the contents of phase A until a uniform gel is formed.Mix phase A and phase B and heat the mixture while stirring at 65 oC for1 hour. Cool the composition and transfer into containers.

Ingredients Wt % Phase A Titanium Dioxide 6.0 Iron Oxide, red 1.0Pigment Blend 5 0.5 Bourdaux Mica 0.5 Caster Oil 8.0 Phase B Water 46.9Bio-PDO 22.0 Emulsifying Vax 9.0 Sodium Stearate 4.5 GelMaker EMU 1.3Methylbaraben 0.3

Stable oil in water emulsions were obtained.

Example 40 Colored Cosmetic Composition (Liquid Make-Up)

Preparation: Mix the ingredients of phase B (aqueous phase) and heat themixture to 65oC with thorough stirring to form a homogeneous aqueousphase.

Separately mix the contents of phase A until a uniform gel is formed.Mix phase A and phase B and heat the mixture while stirring at 65 oC for1 hour. Cool the composition and transfer into containers.

Ingredients Wt % Phase A Titanium Dioxide 5.0 Iron Oxide, red 1.0Pigment Blend 5 0.5 Bourdaux Mica 0.5 Caster Oil 9.0 Phase B Water 46.9Bio-PDO 22.0 Emulsifying Vax 9.0 Sodium Stearate 4.5 GelMaker EMU 1.3Methylbaraben 0.3

Stable oil in water emulsions were obtained.

Example 41 Eye Makeup Remover

INGREDIENT Weight Percent C13-15 Alkanes (Gemseal ® 25) 5.00 C15-19Alkanes (Gemseal ® 40) 10.00 Oleth-5 13.00 DEA Oleth-3 Phosphate 5.75Deionized Water 47.45 Bio-PDO 12.00 Glycerin 99% 6.50 Germaben II-E 0.30

Manufacturing Procedure:

Weigh the ingredients in Sequence A in a suitable vessel. Begin heatingto 75-80° C. with good mixing. Weigh ingredients in Sequence B in asecondary vessel. Begin heating to 75-80° C. with good mixing. When bothsequences are at the proper temperatures, slowly add Sequence B toSequence A with continuous propeller mixing. Increase mixer speed as thesequences are combined. Switch to a side wiping mixer and continuemixing until the batch is smooth, uniform and homogeneous. Mix for 15minutes and begin cooling the batch with continuous mixing. Cool thebatch to 25° C. At 25° C., remove the batch and store in airtightcontainers. Check the viscosity and pH of the batch.

Example 42 Eye Shadow

Ingredient Weight Percent Deionized Water 44.15 Keltrol F 0.20 VeegumRegular Granules 2.00 Disodium EDTA 0.10 Triethanolamine 99% 0.50Bio-PDO 10.00 Lubrajel Oil 1.00 Isodecyl Neopentanoate 7.35 Lipo GMS 4502.00 Behenyl Alcohol 0.50 Myristyl Alcohol 0.50 Cetyl Alcohol 0.50Stearic Acid 1.50 Alcolec S 0.15 Isostearyl Neopentanoate 5.00Tocopheryl Acetate 0.05 Allianz ™ OPT 1.00 DC 345 Fluid - Cyclomethicone7.50 Germaben II-E 1.00 Cosmetic Russet C33-5138 0.60 Cosmetic YellowC33-1700 0.12 Black Iron Oxide LC989 0.24 Sericite PHN 0.24 TimicaSparkle 110P 13.80

Manufacturing Procedure:

Combine ingredients in Phase A and begin mixing until the Phase issmooth and uniform. Combine Phase B ingredients and begin heating to 80°C. with continuous mixing. Heat Phase A to 75-80° C. When Phase A andPhase B are at the proper temperatures slowly add Phase B to Phase Ausing continuous high speed homogenizing mixing. Add Phase C to thebatch with homogenizing mixing. When the batch is uniform, begin coolingthe batch to 55° C. with continuous homogenizer mixing. At 55° C. addPhase D to the batch. Mix until uniform. Add Phase E to the batch andmix until uniform. Weigh Phase F in a suitable blender. Grind Phase Fthrough a micropulverizer or equivalent. When Phase F is free of pigmentspecks, add Phase G to Phase F and blend until uniform. In the mainbatch vessel, switch to a side wiping mixer and begin cooling the batchto 25° C. At 25° C. add Phase F & G to the batch and mix until all thepowders are dispersed and batch is smooth and uniform. Store the batchin airtight containers until ready for filling. Check the viscosity andpH of the batch.

Example 43 Cheek Color

Ingredients Weight Percent Deionized Water 62.00 Bio-PDO 8.00 StepanquatML 2.00 Germaben II-E 1.00 SI-TEC ™ CM-040 Cyclomethicone 20.00 AbilEM-90 1.00 Salcare SC-95 2.00 Phenoxyethanol 1.00 SI-TEC ™ CM-040Cyclomethicone 1.80 Titanium Dioxide 328 0.68 D&C Red 30 (Puricolor RedVRE1) 0.52

Manufacturing Procedure:

NOTE: This is a cold process emulsion and must be manufactured at roomtemperature (25° C.). Combine Phase A in a suitable mixing vessel. Mixuntil the Phase is clear and uniform. Combine Phase B in a suitablemixing vessel. Mix until the Phase is clear and uniform. Premix Phase Cin a separate container and grind through a 3-roll mill until there areno pigment specks present. Add Phase C to Phase B and mix until all thecolor is dispersed. When Phases A and B & C are uniform, slowly addPhase A to combined Phases B & C and mix until all the phases arecombined. Switch to a homogenizing mixer and mix for 10-15 minutes.Store the batch in airtight containers until ready for filling. Checkthe viscosity and pH of the batch.

Example 44 Liquid Eyeliner

Ingredients Weight Percent Deionized Water 35.00 Keltrol F 0.20 MethylParaben 0.25 PVP K-30 (10% Aq Solution) 11.75 Triethanolamine 99% 1.00Bio-PDO 10.00 Cosmetic Russet C33-5138 5.00 Cosmetic Yellow C33-17001.00 Black Iron Oxide LC989 2.00 Sericite PHN 2.00 Carnauba Wax #1 4.00White Beeswax 2.00 Permethyl 104A 6.00 Stearic Acid 2.50 Lipo GMS 4501.00 Propyl Paraben 0.20 Phenoxyethanol 1.00 Deionized Water 1.00Germall 115 0.10 Lubrajel Oil 14.00

Manufacturing Procedure:

Combine Phase A ingredients in a suitable mixing vessel, Mix until thePhase is uniform. Grind Phase B in a micropulverizer. When Phase B isfree of pigment specks, add Phase B to Phase A with continuous mixing.Mix until the phases are uniform and free of lumps. Homogenize the batchfor 10-15 minutes or as necessary to make Phase A & B smooth andhomogeneous. In a separate vessel combine Phase C ingredients and beginheating to 80-85° C. with good mixing. Begin heating Phase A to 75-80°C. When all phases are at the proper temperatures slowly add Phase C toPhases A & B with continuous mixing. Mix for 15 minutes with the batchcovered to prevent water loss. Begin cooling the batch. Combine Phase Dingredients in a separate vessel. At 50° C. slowly add Phase D to thebatch with continuous mixing. Continue cooling the batch to roomtemperature. At 25° C. remove the batch and store in airtight containersuntil ready for filling. Check the viscosity and pH of the batch.

Example 45 Hair Dye Base and Shade Formulations

Ingredient Dye Base Dk Ash Bn Med Auburn Water 59.78 59.78 59.78AlkylPolyglucoside 1.75 1.75 1.75 Oleic Acid 10.00 10.00 10.00Nonoxynol-1 0.70 0.70 0.70 Nonoxynol-4 1.23 1.23 1.23 Ammonium Hydroxide4.00 4.00 4.00 EDTA (4Na) 0.05 0.05 0.05 Erythorbic Acid 0.40 0.40 0.40Sodium Sulfite 0.10 0.10 0.10 Bio-PDO 7.00 7.00 7.00 Heat to 80 C. for10 min., cooled, q.s., add IPA Isopropanol 99% 5.00 5.00 5.00 Water10.00 6.06 8.137 100.00 p-Phenylenediamine 0.369 Toluene-2,5-DiamineSulfate 1.763 0.000 m-Aminophenol 0.146 0.018 Resorcinol 1.685 0.0001-Naphthol 0.168 0.047 N,N-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)-PPD 0.176 0.046 Sulfate4-Amino-2-Hydroxytoluene 0.922 p-Aminophenol 0.461 Ammonium Hydroxide(q.s. to q.s. q.s. pH 10.0) 100.00 100.00 pH (25 C.) 10.03 Viscosity cps425 380-440 350-390 (20 C.; RVT; #2; 100 RPM)

Example 46 Composition for use before Shaving

Ingredient Weight Percent EDTA  35% Sodium lauryl sulfate 3.3% Nipagin 20% Nipazol 0.08%  Cetyl alcohol 1.8% Carbopol 940 1.4% White wax0.15%  Polysorbate 80   4% Bio-PDO 11.5%  Triethanolamine 1.7% Water21.07% 

Example 47 Aftershave

Ingredient Weight Percent Isopropanol 30-70% SD alcohol-40 10-30%Acetylsalicylic acid  8-22% Carbomer 0.25-1.75% Propylene glycol  2-15%Glycerin  2-15% PEG 1-8% Water q.s. to 100%

Example 48 Shaving Cosmetics Containing Moisturizers

Ingredients Weight Percent Bio-PDO 50-90% Oils 0.1-30%  H2O 0.01-10%  Also: H2O  5.0% Glycerin 31.5% 1,3-butylene glycol 20.0% Bio-PDO 20.0%Polyethylene glycol 15.0% Isostearic acid  7.0% Dimethylpolysiloxane 1.0% Perfume  0.5%

Example 49 Stick Delivery System Treatment of Razor Burn

Ingredient Weight percent Solvent* Bio-PDO 72% Gelling agent** Sodiumstearate 8% Agent*** lidocaine 4% Menthol 1% Water 15% *polyhydricalcohol **alkali metal stearate and/or palmitate ***anesthetic, anantihistamine, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antifungal

Example 50 Water-In-Oil Emulsion Brushless Nonlathering Shaving Cream

Ingredient Weight Percent Long-chain fatty alcohol* 4-15% Surfactant**1-10% Wetting agent*** 1-10% Emollient**** 4-20% *lauryl, stearyl,cetyl, myristyl **anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, or quaternarysurfactants/emulsifiers ***glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, orpolyethylene glycol ****vaseline or mineral oils

Example 51 Shaving Cream

Ingredient Weight Percent 70% sorbitol 6.19% Bio-PDO 6.19% Stearic acid22.80% C10-16 fatty acids 19.00% 40% KOH 20.60% Boric acid 0.70% H2O23.35-26.37% Perfume 1.00-1.17% Allantoin 0.20% Nipagin 0.20% Vegetableoil 3.00%

Example 52 Shaving Creams

Ingredient Weight Percent A) Stearin and coconut oil 40.56%  40% KOH20.68%  70% sorbitol and Bio-PDO 13.66%  H3BO3 2.74% Allantoin 2.74%Anesthesin 2.74% Nipagin 2.74% H2O 22.36%  B) Stearin   31% Coconut oil  10% 40% KOH 20.48%  70% sorbitol  6.0% Bio-PDO 7.65% H3BO3 0.65%Nipagin  1.0% Allantoin  1.0% Anesthesin 0.74% Perfume  1.0% Dye 0.05%Na alginate 0.07% H2O 20.36% 

Example 53 Pre-Shave Sticks

Ingredient Weight Percent A) Glyceryl monooleate 25-70%  Sodium stearate8-25% Bio-PDO 0-50% H2O 1-10% B) Atlas G-3496 61.65%  Sodium stearate15.0% Water  3.0% Perfume 0.35% Bio-PDO 20.0%

Example 54 Liquid Shaving Compositions

Ingredient Weight Percent A) Nonionic surfactant 60-97%  Bio-PDO 2-25%H2O 1-15% B) Glycerol monooleate 77.8%  polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitanmonolaurate 6.6 H2O   6% Bio-PDO 9.6%

Example 55 Shaving Solution

Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 50-80% Deionized water  1-50%

Example 56 Shaving Solution

Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 50-80% Deionized water  1-50%

Example 57 Skin Preparation Solution Application to the Surface of theSkin Prior to Shaving

Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO   10-80% Deionized water   10-80%Imidazolidinyl urea 0.02-4% Methylparaben 0.02-4% Propylparaben 0.01-2%

Example 58 Post Hair Removal Skin Care Lotion

Ingredient Weight Percent Deionized water q.s. to 100% Aloe vera gel6-7.4% Soybean oil 6-7.4% Alpha lipoic acid 0.2-1.3%  Stearic acid3.5-4.3%  Glyceryl monostearate 3-3.7% Bio-PDO 2.5-3.1%  Lauramide DEA1.4-1.6%  Vitamin E 0.4-0.5%  Hydrocortisone acetate 0.2-0.5%  Vitamin C0.2-0.25% Carbomer 0.2-0.25% Hydroxymethylcellulose 0.2-0.25%Methylparaben 0.2-0.25% Propylparaben 0.09-0.1%  Polyquaternium-150.09-0.1% 

Example 59 Transparent Shaving Gel

Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 15-20% Lubricant/skin conditioners2-5% Thickener 0.5-0.8% Neutralizer 0.5-0.8% Preservative 0.2-0.5%

Example 60

Enzyme-Containing Toothpastes

Ingredient Weight Percent Bio-PDO 20-73 Friction materials 15-50Thickening agent  1-1.7 Surfactant 1-6 Essence 0.8-1.2 Water  8-35Saccharin 0.1-0.3 Pigment  0-0.5 PEG 0-6 Biological enzyme 0.01-2  Menthol  0-0.1 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1-0.5 Titanium dioxide 0-1Biological enzyme stabilizer 0.1-4 

Example 61 Composition for Treatment of Oral Cavity

Anti-Inflammatory and Antibacterial Treatment of the Oral Cavity withToothpaste

Ingredient Weight Percent Clindamycin 0.01-0.1% Metronidazole 0.01-0.1%Propylene glycol  5-10% Sorbitol (70%)  1-10% Sodiumdimethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate  0.1-0.5%

Example 62 Beautifying Toothpaste

Ingredient Weight Percent Beautifying agent 0.5%-5     Sepiolite0.25-4%   Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 0.1-2.5% Humectant 15%-25%  Bio-PDOAdhesive 1%-2.5% Xanthan gum Foaming agent 1.5-2.5% Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) Abrasive/Friction agent 40-50% Calcium carbonate Essence1%-1.5% Saccharin 0.1-0.5  Water q.s. to 100

Example 63 Multifunctional Health-Care Toothpaste

Treats dental caries, and has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory anddesensitizing properties.

Ingredient Weight Percent Abrasives 30-55 CaCO3, CaHPO4, Al(OH)3 or SiO2Wetting agent 15-25 Bio-PDO Thickening agent 1.0-1.4 xanthan gumDestaining agent (surfactant) 2.0-2.5 Na dodecyl sulfate Polymer 0.1-2.0Triclosan 0.1-0.3 Chinese medicine ext. 0.1-0.5 Desensitizer 0.2-0.4Fluoride 0.2-0.8 Saccharine 0.25-0.35 Perfume  0.8-1.2% Water to 100%

Example 64 Dentifrice Composition

Ingredient Weight Percent Abrasive  5-50% Silica Binder 0.1-30% Xanthangum Humectant  10-80% Propylene glycol Surfactant 0.1-5%  Alkylpolyglycosides as nonionic

Example 65 Toothpaste

Ingredient Weight Percent Calcium carbonate 40-45% Hydroxyethylcellulose 1-1.3% Bio-PDO 22-25% Sodium laurylsulfate 1.8-2%  Nipagin 0.09-0.10%Nipasol 0.025-0.30%  Protease 0.25-0.50% Sodium acetate 0.15-0.25%Saccharin 0.10-0.15% Flavoring 0.75-1%   Water q.s. to 100%

Example 66 Mouthwash for Infants A Mouthwash for Infants Contains, forEvery 100 g or mL

Ingredient Weight Percent Sorbitol 3.00 Glycerol 3.00 Methylparaben 0.20Propylparaben 0.10 Bio-PDO 4.00 Disodium EDTA 0.10 Sodium lauryl sulfate0.40 Sodium saccharin 0.06 Petitgraine essential oil 0.02 Tea treeessential oil 0.03 Potassium sorbate 0.20 Sodium citrate 0.05 Potassiumphosphate 0.10 Citric acid 0.50 CI19140 0.02 CI47090 0.01 Water q.s. to100

Example 67 Aqueous Antiplaque Oral Compositions

Mouth rinse Comprising Antibacterial Ester, Arginine Derivative,Surfactant, Humectant

Ingredient Weight Percent Ethyl lauroylarginate-HCl 0.1 Sorbitol 10.0Glycerin 10.0 Bio-PDO 7.0 Polysorbate-20 0.8 Cocoamidopropylbetaine 0.8Sodium saccharin 0.03 Flavor 0.10 Water q.s. to 100%

Example 68 Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent for Mouth Care

Ingredient Weight Percent Binders 0.1-5.0% Na CM-cellulose Foamingcomponents 0.1-5.0% Na lauryl sulfate Antidesiccants  1.0-15.0% Bio-PDOPreservatives 0.02-0.5%  Me or Pr p-hydroxybenzoate Flavors 0.1-2.0%peppermint oil Abrasives 5.0-25%  colloid silica, silica powder Solvents 0.1-90.0% Water 50.0-90.0% phosphate buffer pH 6.5-7.5 0.5-3.0% ethanol 0.1-50.0% Biologically active components 0.01-8.0%  Protamin sulfate0.1-5.0% Allantoin 0.05-1.0%  Sodium fluoride 0.03-3.0%  Vitamin PP0.01-5.0%  Provitamin B5 0.05-8.0% 

Example 69 Antimicrobial Compositions Antimicrobial Cream or Ointment

Ingredient Weight Percent Glycerol 6% Bio-PDO 5.5%  Sodium laurylsulfate 1% Cetyl alcohol 4.5%  Cetyl palmitate 4% Stearic alcohol 4.5% Stearic acid 4% White petrolatum 5% Antimicrobial agent 1% Water 64.5%  

Example 70 Oral Compositions Containing Antimicrobial

Mouthwashes, Gargles, Dentifrices, Anti-plaque compounds, Oral filmdentifrices, General antiseptic, Denture cleansing tablets or solutions.Mouth rinse:

Ingredient Weight Percent Alcohol  15% Antimicrobial agent 0.05%Flavoring oil  0.1% Bio-PDO   3% Sodium lauryl Me cocoyl taurate  0.3%Sodium citrate 0.08% Citric acid 0.02% Saccharin sodium  0.1% FD&C GreenNo 30.0002%   Water q.s. to 100%

Example 71 Antiseptic Mouthwash

Ingredient Weight Percent Ethyl alcohol  6-7 Bio-PDO  12-13 Propolis0.001-0.10 Cinnamic aldehyde 0.003-0.35 Alkyl dimethylbenzylammoniumchloride 0.003-0.35 Water q.s. to 100%

Example 72 Composition Containing Antibacterial Agent

Ingredient Weight Percent Phenolic antibacterial agent 0.05-5    Disinfecting alcohol 1-40 Gelling agent 0.1-5    Hydrotrope 0.1-30%Bio-PDO 0.1-50% H2O q.s. to 100%

Example 73 Mouthwash Composition Containing Bactericide Manual Spray:

Ingredient Weight Percent Cineole 2.7 Thymol 1.8 Methyl salicylate 1.5Menthol 1.5 Ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oils 10 Shellac 1.0 Bio-PDO30 Ethanol 51.5

We claim:
 1. A method of reducing irritation associated with a personalcare composition, the method comprising the step of: preparing abiodegradable personal care composition comprising 1,3-propanediol andan acceptable carrier, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-basedcarbon content of at least 1%, a peroxide concentration of less thanabout 10 ppm, a concentration of total organic impurities of less thanabout 400 ppm, and a “b” color value of less than about 0.15 and anabsorbance at 275 nm of less than about 0.050; wherein the personal carecomposition reduces irritation compared to a personal care compositioncomprising chemically synthesized 1,3-propanediol and other glycols. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein the personal care composition furthercomprises an active.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal carecomposition further comprises a solvent.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the 1,3-propanediol has at least 99% bio-based carbon.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediol has at least 100%bio-based carbon.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the 1,3-propanediolis biologically-derived.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein thebiologically-derived 1,3-propanediol is biologically produced through afermentation process.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic impurities of lessthan about 300 ppm.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic impurities of lessthan about 150 ppm.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the personal carecomposition is selected from the group consisting of a lipstick, lipgloss, lip pencil, eye shadows, foundation, blush, liquid rouge, facialpowder, make-up, concealer, gel eye color, mascara, lip gloss, eyepencil, lip pencil, eye make-up remover, eye liners, eye shadow, lotioneye color, gel eye color, nail polish, lipstick nail polish, gel polishremovers, liquid rouges, blush, and facial powder, skin carecomposition, skin cleansing composition, skin cleansing bar, skincleansing liquid, facial lotion, facial cream, cream moisturizer, bodywash, body lotion; foot cream, hand cream; deodorant and antiperspirantsticks, roll-ons, aerosols, gels, creams, pump sprays, powders,odor-masking, odor-neutralizing, odor-quenching, odor-inhibiting;cologne sticks, perfumes, shaving cream, shaving lotion, creamdepilatory, lotion depilatory, wax depilatory, facial mask made withclay materials, anti-aging product, anti-wrinkle product, anti-celluliteproduct, cuticle remover, cuticle cream, acne cream, acne cleansingscrub; toothpaste, gargle, mouth wash, mouth rinse, film, gum; shampoo,hair conditioner, hair treatment cream, styling gel, styling foam, hairmousse, hair spray, set lotion, blow-styling lotion, hair color lotion,creams and dyes, hair bleaching cream, hair relaxer, hair straightener,curl activator gel, fragrant hair gloss, bleach, sun stick and sunscreen, artificial tanning products, skin-whitening products; soaps,hand wash, body scrub, hand scrub, bubble bath, bath oils, instant handsanitizer, hand sanitizer gels, antibacterial hand cleaner, deodorants,anti-perspirants, baby lotion, diaper rash cream, wet wipe, and babybath, and vitamin creams.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein thepersonal care composition has a pH between about 4 and
 9. 12. The methodof claim 1, wherein the personal care composition has a pH of about 7.13. A method of reducing the atmospheric CO₂ emission of a personal carecomposition upon degradation, the method comprising: preparing abiodegradable personal care composition comprising 1,3-propanediol andan acceptable carrier, wherein said 1,3-propanediol is biologicallyderived, biodegradable and exhibits no atmospheric CO₂ emission uponbiodegradation; and using said personal care composition whereby saidpersonal care composition biodegrades, wherein said reduction ofatmospheric CO₂ emission is compared to the atmospheric CO₂ emission ofa personal care composition not comprising 1,3-propanediol that isbiologically derived and biodegradable.
 14. The method of claim 13,wherein the personal care composition further comprises an active. 15.The method of claim 13, wherein the personal care composition furthercomprises a solvent.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein thebiologically-derived 1,3-propanediol is biologically produced through afermentation process.
 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the personalcare composition is selected from the group consisting of a lipstick,lip gloss, lip pencil, eye shadows, foundation, blush, liquid rouge,facial powder, make-up, concealer, gel eye color, mascara, lip gloss,eye pencil, lip pencil, eye make-up remover, eye liners, eye shadow,lotion eye color, gel eye color, nail polish, lipstick nail polish, gelpolish removers, liquid rouges, blush, and facial powder, skin carecomposition, skin cleansing composition, skin cleansing bar, skincleansing liquid, facial lotion, facial cream, cream moisturizer, bodywash, body lotion; foot cream, hand cream; deodorant and antiperspirantsticks, roll-ons, aerosols, gels, creams, pump sprays, powders,odor-masking, odor-neutralizing, odor-quenching, odor-inhibiting;cologne sticks, perfumes, shaving cream, shaving lotion, creamdepilatory, lotion depilatory, wax depilatory, facial mask made withclay materials, anti-aging product, anti-wrinkle product, anti-celluliteproduct, cuticle remover, cuticle cream, acne cream, acne cleansingscrub; toothpaste, gargle, mouth wash, mouth rinse, film, gum; shampoo,hair conditioner, hair treatment cream, styling gel, styling foam, hairmousse, hair spray, set lotion, blow-styling lotion, hair color lotion,creams and dyes, hair bleaching cream, hair relaxer, hair straightener,curl activator gel, fragrant hair gloss, bleach, sun stick and sunscreen, artificial tanning products, skin-whitening products; soaps,hand wash, body scrub, hand scrub, bubble bath, bath oils, instant handsanitizer, hand sanitizer gels, antibacterial hand cleaner, deodorants,anti-perspirants, baby lotion, diaper rash cream, wet wipe, and babybath, and vitamin creams.
 18. The method of claim 13, wherein thepersonal care composition has a pH between about 4 and
 9. 19. The methodof claim 13, wherein the personal care composition has a pH of about 7.